The causes of swollen and painful gums are inflammation, dental caries, gingival hyperplasia, etc. Depending on the cause, medication or surgical treatment will be taken to eliminate the swelling and pain. 1. Inflammation: many inflammatory diseases can cause swelling and pain in the gums, including gingivitis, periodontitis, periapical inflammation, etc., generally need to take antibiotics to control inflammation, commonly used drugs are metronidazole, tinidazole, amoxicillin, etc., and should also be dealt with in a timely manner to deal with the factors that cause inflammation, such as scaling to remove calculus, and apical periapical inflammation need to undergo a root canal treatment. 2. Dental caries: If dental caries caused by food impaction of the gums of the plate teeth, should be dealt with in a timely manner caries, clean up the decayed part of the tooth for repair or extraction of fillings, daily life should pay attention to the health of the teeth. 3. Gingival hyperplasia: It is the increase in cellular components of the gum tissue that causes the gums to increase in size or swelling and pain, gingival hyperplasia usually requires the removal of the tissue of the gums for treatment. There may be other reasons for the swelling of the gums of the teeth, it is recommended to go to the hospital to check the cause of the disease, under the guidance of the doctor for the cause of the treatment of medication. Blind self-medication should be avoided.