Vascular invasion mainly refers to the involvement of malignant tumors in the vascular system, which may partially or completely encircle the vasculature, and may also spread and metastasize through the blood circulation. Malignant tumors are usually in the middle or late stage at this time, and surgery is likely to result in a serious situation of massive blood loss. Vascular invasion occurs because the cancer cells have invaded the patient’s blood vessels or lymphatic vessels and may also migrate along them to other organs and lymph nodes. The vasculature maintains the blood supply to the malignant tumor. By injecting chemotherapeutic agents into the tumor-invaded vasculature through an interventional procedure, a local embolism is formed, which interrupts the blood supply and causes ischemic necrosis of the malignant tumor. Chemotherapy can effectively reduce the chance of recurrence and metastasis and improve the cure rate of patients. Chemotherapy can also play a targeted therapeutic role, killing tumor cells and shrinking tumor foci, providing good basic conditions for further surgical resection. Therefore, once vascular invasion occurs, comprehensive treatment should be considered.