The operation procedure of bone marrow aspiration includes preoperative preparation, maintaining the correct position, choosing the appropriate puncture point for disinfection, anesthesia, puncture, aspiration, smear, needle removal and fixation.
1. Preparation: inform the patient of the operation content, operation purpose, postoperative precautions, etc., and sign the consent form.
2. Maintain correct body position: patients who choose anterior superior iliac crest and sternum as puncture points take the supine position; patients who choose posterior superior iliac crest for puncture take the prone position or lateral position; patients who choose spinous process for puncture take the lateral position or sitting position.
3. Locate the puncture point: the posterior superior iliac crest is located on both sides of the sacral vertebrae, the part that protrudes above the buttocks, the puncture point is easy to locate, the bone is thin and easy to operate, it is often the preferred puncture site.
4. Routine skin disinfection and anesthesia: the operator opens the puncture bag, puts on sterile gloves, disinfects the puncture site with iodophor or alcohol, spreads sterile cavity towel, and then carries out local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine or 2% procaine.
5. Puncture, aspiration, smear: the operator fixes the puncture site with the left hand, holds the puncture needle with the right hand and rotates the needle through the anesthetized site, removes the core of the needle when it enters the bone marrow cavity, connects it with a 10-20 ml dry syringe to aspirate a small amount of bone marrow, and hands it over to the assistant for a quick bone marrow smear, and then extracts the appropriate amount of bone marrow according to the need and places it in a sterile test tube for examination.
6. Needle extraction and fixation: After extraction, reinsert the needle core and remove it together with the puncture needle. Sterilize it again, cover it with sterile gauze, fix it with adhesive tape and ask the patient to rest.
It is recommended to go to regular hospitals for bone puncture examination and treatment.