A few days ago, 72-year-old father Zhou came to the vascular surgery department of the Union Hospital accompanied by his son. Half a year ago, he started to walk for a certain distance, and then his left calf would become sore and painful, and he would need to stop and rest for a few minutes to relieve the pain on his own before he could continue walking. In the last 1 week, the symptoms have increased significantly. Half a year ago, he could still walk about 1 kilometer at a time, but in the last 1 week, he had to stop and rest after walking about 150 meters, and he was diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation at the local hospital, which did not improve significantly after treatment. After detailed medical history, careful physical examination, and color Doppler ultrasound examination of the left lower extremity artery, we found that: Father Zhou usually likes to eat meat, especially roast meat, often finishing a large bowl in one meal; and physical examination found that the arteries on the back of Father Zhou’s feet on both sides are not pulsating, the left side is especially serious, even the N artery at the left knee and the femoral artery at the left groin are not pulsating, the right side of the At the same time, color Doppler ultrasonography also indicated that multiple atherosclerotic plaques had formed in the arterial wall of the left lower extremity, and one of the plaques had completely blocked the arterial lumen, leaving no blood flow in the arterial trunk. In view of this, we diagnosed Mr. Zhou with “lower extremity atherosclerosis occlusive disease” and admitted him to the hospital for minimally invasive endoluminal balloon dilation treatment and placed a stent in the severely stenosed area of the artery to prevent restenosis, supplemented with vasodilation and antiplatelet medication. After 6 days of hospitalization, Father Zhou’s walking ability was completely restored to normal, and he was discharged satisfactorily after we instructed him to eat a light diet, adhere to exercise, and continue oral medication in the future. Lower limb atherosclerosis is a manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis in the lower limbs. Its pathogenesis is the same as that of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (coronary heart disease), both of which are caused by atherosclerosis of the arteries and lead to stenosis and occlusion, thus causing hypoxia and ischemia in the corresponding tissues. Therefore, patients with lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive disease are usually associated with varying degrees of coronary heart disease. From its causative factors, it can be seen that all factors that can cause atherosclerosis can cause lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive disease. Common causes of atherosclerosis include high blood lipids, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and hereditary factors, which cause excessive lipid content in the blood to infiltrate into the subintima of the arteries and gradually thicken and calcify, forming atherosclerotic plaques and causing narrowing of the arterial lumen. Sometimes thrombosis is combined with stenosis, causing acute limb ischemia and even necrosis, with serious consequences. After the occurrence of lower limb artery stenosis, the tissue ischemia is not serious in the early stage, and the patient may not have obvious discomfort, which is clinically called the “asymptomatic period”; after the disease progresses, when the patient has a strong demand for blood and oxygen, such as when walking or working, the calf muscle soreness appears, and after resting the demand is reduced, the soreness is relieved again, and so on repeatedly, which is clinically called “intermittent claudication”. If the disease continues to progress without timely diagnosis and treatment, limb pain will also occur at rest, and patients often sit on their knees at night, making it difficult to sleep and seriously affecting their quality of life, which is clinically known as the “resting pain period”; if the disease continues to If the disease continues to deteriorate, there will be necrosis of the limb tissue, often manifested as blackening and ulceration of the extremity and toe end, accompanied by persistent pain, long-term non-healing of the wound, or combined with bacterial infection, purulent secretions, more intense pain, clinically known as “gangrene and infection phase”. The treatment of atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremities is to relieve and restore the arterial blood supply to the limbs through various methods. The specific methods include medication, minimally invasive endovascular balloon dilation + stenting surgery, arterial endothelial debridement surgery, and arterial bypass surgery, in addition to regulating daily life and strengthening exercise. In addition, arterialization of lower extremity veins, lower extremity autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and amputation are also available, but usually for patients with severe conditions that are difficult to treat with the aforementioned methods. In terms of treatment results, patients in the asymptomatic and intermittent claudication stages can mostly achieve more satisfactory results through appropriate diagnosis and treatment, thus avoiding further deterioration of the disease and amputation. Once the disease enters the resting pain stage and gangrene and infection stage, the arterial vascular lesions are usually more serious, and it is difficult to completely reverse the ischemia to achieve a very satisfactory treatment effect, but it is still possible to reduce or alleviate the symptoms through treatment, avoid tissue necrosis and amputation (toe), or reduce the amputation plane and improve the quality of life of patients. Therefore, when chronic pain in the lower limbs occurs, especially in middle-aged and elderly people, we should pay special attention to lower limb atherosclerosis occlusive disease, to achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment, in order to achieve satisfactory results and improve the quality of life.