The surgical methods for breast nodules are as follows: 1. traditional open surgery: including two types of incisions: circumareolar incision and radial incision, with circumareolar incision as the main one, which is concealed and more beautiful; 2. minimally invasive surgery: the surgical incision is small and does not leave scars after healing; 3. breast-conserving surgery: patients with small tumors, malignant tumors more than 3 cm away from the areola and without metastasis can undergo breast-conserving surgery, that is, radiotherapy after enlarged removal of the tumor; 4. radical surgery for breast cancer: postoperative reconstruction can be performed in one stage.