The main factors leading to male infertility are the following.
1, abnormal semen: such as no sperm, or too little sperm, reduced activity, abnormal morphology.
2, testicular abnormalities: there are 3 types of testicular abnormalities.
1) Cryptorchidism, infertility due to unilateral cryptorchidism is about 30% to 60%, bilateral is 50% to 100%. It not only leads to infertility, but also induces malignant changes;
2) Damage to the germinal base during the fetal period due to unfavorable environmental factors;
3) early testicular injury, can be caused by birth injuries during childbirth.
3) Acquired testicular injury: such as hernia repair, syringomyelia surgery, testicular fixation surgery, etc. damage the testicular blood vessels, obstructing the blood supply and causing testicular atrophy.
4.Obstructed sperm transport: Tuberculosis of epididymis and vas deferens can block the vas deferens and obstruct the passage of sperm, and sexual dysfunction such as impotence and premature ejaculation cannot make sperm enter female vagina.
5. Syringomyelia: Syringomyelia compresses the blood circulation of testicles, which can lead to testicular infection or atrophy. The incidence of the disease after puberty is 16%-19%.
6, endocrine factors: male endocrine by the hypothalamus – pituitary – testicular axis mediation pituitary, thyroid and adrenaline dysfunction caused by oligospermia and azoospermia can cause infertility.
7, genetic factors: such as sex chromosome abnormalities of Klinefelter syndrome, male Turner syndrome, etc.
8, immune factors: due to the exposure of sperm to the immune system, sperm seminal plasma in the body to produce antibodies against their own sperm, the ejaculated sperm occur self agglutination and can not make women conceive.
9, reproductive organ infection: bacteria, viruses, protozoa and other infections can directly damage the testicles, leading to testicular atrophy, testicular tuberculosis, destruction of testicular tissue, seriously affecting the ability to produce sperm and reduce the activity of sperm and lead to infertility. For example, mumps in pre-puberty can cause 20% of the cases of testicular inflammation and infertility.
10. Infertility caused by neurological dysfunction and neurological diseases: such as paraplegia and impotence.
11, infertility due to varicocele: varicocele can affect the spermatogenic function of the testes and lead to infertility, accounting for about 30% to 40% of male infertility.
12, respiratory diseases and male infertility: for example, Young syndrome and Kartagener syndrome, both due to abnormalities in the ultrastructure of the respiratory mucosa cilia and sperm tails and lead to infertility.
13, chronic diseases and infertility: such as thyroid disease, liver disease, diabetes, renal failure, etc. can lead to infertility.
14, blood supply disorders: patients with arteriosclerosis and diabetes, often accompanied by small testicular artery disease, so that the ability to produce sperm decline and cause infertility.
15, environmental impact: overheated miners in the pit, boiler workers, etc.; underwear too tight; excessive smoking and drinking; lack of oxygen conditions, can affect fertility.
16, gravity impact: men in the case of excessive weight bearing, can make the testes within the sperm production reduction and lead to infertility.
17, mental and psychological factors caused by infertility: the patient’s mental and psychological state of abnormalities, so that the neuroendocrine disorder and lead to testicular sperm production low function, or cause sexual intercourse dysfunction and cause infertility.
18, drugs and radiation therapy and infertility: narcotics, sedatives, antihypertensive drugs and hormonal drugs can not only affect the sexual function of men, but also affect the spermatogenic function of the testes leading to infertility. Anti-epileptic drugs have a direct effect on sperm production.
19, toxic chemicals and infertility: modern industrial development caused by environmental pollution, so that humans suffer from a variety of toxic chemicals damage, but also affect the testicular spermatogenic function leads to infertility.
In addition, individual farmers in China’s cotton-producing areas have been caused by the long-term consumption of large quantities of crude cottonseed oil (containing cotton phenol), resulting in testicular atrophy and infertility.
Experts remind: the treatment of male factors caused by infertility, the first should find the real cause of infertility, and according to the cause to take targeted treatment, so as to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment and aggravate the condition, while increasing the psychological and economic burden of patients.