Clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is the most common pathologic subtype of renal cell carcinoma, accounting for approximately 60% to 85% of renal cell carcinomas.
- Grand body examination: Bilateral renal incidence is equal, and less than 5% of cases may occur multicentrically or involve both kidneys. The tumor may appear colorful or golden yellow in the cut surface, with common necrosis, hemorrhage, cystic changes, and occasional calcification or ossification in the cut surface.
- Histopathology: the cytoplasm of cancer cells is transparent or eosinophilic, with clear cytosol; small thin-walled blood vessels forming a ciliated network are seen in the tissue; tumor cells are nested and glandular vesicle-like structures; tumor giant cells can be seen in sarcomatoid differentiated tumor areas, and wide eosinophilic cytoplasm with eccentric nuclei and prominent nucleoli can be seen in rhabdoid differentiated tumor cells, suggesting poor prognosis; necrosis, fibrous mucus, and cystic changes can be seen in some tumors. In some tumors, necrosis, fibrous mucus-like interstitium and calcification and ossification can be seen.
- Commonly used immunohistochemical antibodies: positive for Pax-8, CA9, MUC1, MUC3, CK8, CK18, vimentin, CD10, and EMA. Immunohistochemical staining is not necessary for diagnosis and is used only in difficult cases.
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