Cervical cancer is the second most common malignant tumor in women worldwide. According to statistics, there are 520,000 new cases of cervical cancer in the world each year, and about 270,000 deaths each year. Among them, China has more than 137,000 new cases each year, accounting for 28.80% of the total number of new cases of cervical cancer in the world. The reasons for this include, first, the lack of effective screening for precancerous lesions and early cancers in some areas of China, and second, the lack of universal access to the HPV vaccine. Almost all (99.7%) cervical cancers are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. German scientists first discovered that HPV causes cervical cancer and conducted in-depth research on its mechanism, which finally proved that HPV infection is the main cause of cervical cancer, and this significant discovery was the fundamental basis for the development of HPV vaccine later. HPV vaccine has made cervical cancer the only cancer with a clear cause, the only cancer that can be prevented and treated at an early stage, and the only cancer that can be completely eradicated. HPV infection is very common, and the probability of being infected with HPV during one’s lifetime is very high once one starts having sex, and the rate of HPV infection among sexually active women is about 50% to 80%. However, HPV infection does not necessarily lead to the development of cervical cancer. So far, more than 200 types of HPV have been identified, of which more than 40 are related to human reproductive tract infections. According to the pathogenicity of HPV, they are divided into three categories: high-risk, possible high-risk and low-risk: high-risk HPV includes HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73 and 82, which are closely related to cervical cancer; HPV26, 53 and 66 are possible high-risk; low-risk HPV includes HPV6, 11 HPV types include HPV6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 61, 70, 72, 81, CP6108, etc. Among them, the probability of high-risk HPV causing cervical precancer and cervical cancer is more than 90%. 1.Classification of HPV vaccine In recent years, HPV vaccine has become a hot spot for research worldwide, and various countries are committed to research on attenuated, safe, efficient and low-cost HPV vaccine to meet the needs of high-risk groups and patients in different economic regions and effectively prevent cervical cancer caused by HPV infection. The bivalent vaccine Cervarix® (Huoyancon) for the prevention of HPV 16 and 18 infection and the quadrivalent vaccine Gardasil® (Gardasil) for the prevention of HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 infection are currently used worldwide and are available in more than 100 countries and regions. In 2014, the FDA approved a nine-valent vaccine (HPA6,11,16,18,31,33,45,52 and 58) to prevent more subtypes of HPV infection. 2. What is the recommended vaccination population and age? The age suitable for HPV vaccination is 9~26 years old (both men and women) as approved by FDA, but the age limit is not absolute, it depends on whether there is sexual life or not, HPV vaccine works best for women with no sexual history, if there is still no sexual life by 35 years old, then it is perfectly fine to be vaccinated at this time. The current guidelines support bivalent or quadrivalent vaccination for women and quadrivalent vaccination for men. 3.Can’t you get the HPV vaccine if you have had sex? No, basically you can get the vaccine at any time, but once you start having sex, the chance of getting HPV infection increases greatly, and from the pharmacoeconomic point of view, it is not considered cost-effective. Therefore, regardless of whether or not you have had sex or have been infected with HPV, vaccination is a possibility of prevention. 4. Contraindications and indications for HPV vaccine According to the HPV vaccine guidelines issued by the CDC, it is recommended that girls and boys aged 11-12 years are best vaccinated with HPV vaccine before having no sexual intercourse. The HPV vaccine is also available for women who are sexually active, and there is no need to test for HPV infection before receiving the HPV vaccine; most women can receive varying degrees of protection after receiving the vaccine, regardless of whether they are already infected with HPV. People who are allergic to HPV vaccine are not suitable for vaccination. HPV vaccination is not recommended during pregnancy. If the HPV vaccine has been administered in the case of an unknown pregnancy, the pregnancy can continue and the remaining uncompleted dose will need to be continued after the pregnancy is over. The vaccine can be administered to women who are breastfeeding.