How should anxiety disorders be treated?

  Anxiety disorders are often manifested in two forms, one is panic disorder (panic attack) and the other is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD, also known as generalized anxiety disorder). The former manifests itself as a sudden sense of near death, a sense of great distress, difficulty in breathing, panic, etc. The latter manifests itself as a sense of being on edge or overly worried about trivial matters without a clear cause, startle response, abnormal sleep, easy to lose temper, pain in the shoulders, back, neck, head, etc. and In general, medication with psychotherapy is effective. The treatment strategy is generally summarized as follows: 1. 1, benzodiazepine treatment: use 2-6 weeks, gradually stop the drug to prevent addiction, commonly used alprazolam, diazepam, estradiolam. Alprazolam commonly used 0, 4-0, 8 mg / time, 3 times / day oral. Clonazepam and lorazepam addiction is fast and difficult to stop, especially clonazepam, my principle is to avoid using as much as possible.  2, antidepressants: SSRI and SMRIS effective, the dose referred to my article “commonly used antidepressants dose”, characterized by small side effects, but the onset of action is slightly slower. Promethazine, amitriptyline and doxepin also have good efficacy, but often have side effects such as dry mouth, panic, abnormal ECG, etc. The common dose is 75-150mg/day.  Benzodiazepines have fast onset and are used for early treatment, the principle is to use early and stop early, while antidepressants SSRI/SNRS have slow onset and little drug dependence (except paroxetine, fluvoxamine, short-acting venlafaxine, which should be stopped slowly, and sudden stopping often results in withdrawal reactions, leading to aggravation), and are often used as maintenance treatment. Trazodone, mirtazapine while improving anxiety, depression, especially for sleep improvement is better.  3, β-blockers: commonly used β-adrenergic receptor blockers, such as propranolol 30-60 mg per day in divided doses, effective against anxiety, especially patients with tachycardia, shortness of breath, shaking hands, tremors. Asthma and heart failure are prohibited. Diabetic patients taking hypoglycemic drugs and those prone to hypoglycemia should use with caution. Individual patients may experience bradycardia and need to adjust the dosage in time.  4, butrospirenone, tandospirone: 5-HT1A receptor agonist, no sedative effect, and no dependence, but slow onset of action, commonly used in generalized anxiety disorder.  Second, psychotherapy: cognitive therapy, biofeedback therapy, relaxation training, can be used in conjunction with drug therapy to achieve unexpected results, and better for relapse prevention.