As the saying goes, people are fed. Let’s start our conversation with child feeding. Everything is difficult at the beginning, pediatric feeding problems are concentrated in the infant and toddler period, we will talk about the baby infant and toddler feeding primer, I hope it will be helpful to young mothers point. Whenever infant and toddler feeding is mentioned, we will first affirm that breastfeeding is advocated. The milk of a healthy, nutritionally balanced mother can provide all the nutrients a full-term child needs for normal growth up to 6 months of age. Breast milk contains the right ratio of fat, protein and lactose, which helps infants digest and absorb and does not increase the burden on the infant’s kidneys. The whey protein in breast milk is rich in anti-infection factors, which protect the infant from infection. Breastfeeding is also beneficial to the establishment of a parent-child relationship between mother and child and gives the infant a sense of security. Breastfeeding can also promote the recovery of the mother’s body after delivery. Zhang Guiju, Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of course, many problems in today’s society have caused mothers to have insufficient breast milk or no time to breastfeed their children, thus mixed feeding and artificial feeding have become more popular, which reminds mothers that proper nutrition and feeding methods can not only improve growth and development in early life, but also have important significance for health and disease prevention in later life. The basic requirements of nutrition for infants and children are to meet growth and development and to avoid nutrient deficiencies. Due to different genetic and metabolic levels, children’s nutritional needs vary greatly among individuals and therefore nutrition and feeding instructions should be individualized. The following, we change the perspective on dairy (breast milk or artificial milk products) and non-dairy feeding it. 1, dairy feeding: babies should be exclusively breastfed for at least 4 months after birth, preferably exclusively breastfed to 6 months, after 6 months to join other foods to meet the needs of infant growth and development, it is recommended to breastfeed the baby to 12 months or even 24 months. We’ll start with the number of feedings, no matter what kind of breastfeeding you choose, 0 to 3 months old babies should be breastfed on demand, more than 8 times a day, and the amount of each feeding can be irregular. 3 months later the baby’s milk interval is gradually regular, 4 to 6 months old babies eat milk about once every 3 to 4 hours, 5 to 6 times a day. We should pay special attention to the fact that after 4 to 5 months, most babies can sleep through the night, so they can stop breastfeeding at night. The regular feeding of milk and the absence of breastfeeding at night will help babies develop good eating and sleeping habits and prepare them for the addition of pureed foods in the future. This habit should be cultivated gradually, but individual differences should be noted and not forced. Try to avoid the “bad habit” of sleeping during the day and busy feeding at night, the mother will be very fatigued and her body will not be able to cope with the “night shift” every day. The second is the amount of milk feeding, breastfed children are more difficult to estimate the amount of milk feeding, when the child’s weight growth is normal, sleep conditions are good, urine volume in more than 6-7 times a day, indicating that the amount of milk is sufficient. Usually, by the time an infant reaches 4 months of age, the total amount of milk should be around 600 to 800ml per day. The amount of milk needed after birth gradually increases. For artificially fed children, the amount of milk needed by a full-term normal weight baby is usually 100 to 150ml/kg per day. Having said that, I have to mention again that the first half month after the birth of a child is the time for the mother to learn to breastfeed. After this period of time the mother will have a more intuitive understanding of her child’s habits and milk quantity, and will slowly relax and will Slowly develop their own and baby’s eating habits. 2, add complementary food: about 4 to 6 months of age, if the breast milk is sufficient, the mother’s diet structure is very good, the child appetite is very good, grow very strong, it is recommended to add complementary food at 6 months. Adding complementary foods too early (before 4 months) may have the consequence of replacing breast milk with complementary foods, resulting in insufficient nutrient intake for the infant, or overfeeding, with the infant becoming overweight; adding complementary foods too late can result in the infant not getting the nutrients they need, hindering growth and development, malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. It is usually semi-solid foods that are used as the first stage of complementary feeding, often referred to as transition foods, milk replacement foods, and also called complementary foods or weaning foods. Phase I foods for infants are specially made infant products or homemade nutrient-rich, pureed (pureed) foods, mostly plant-based, including iron-fortified rice flours, fruit purees, and vegetable purees from roots and tubers or squash and beans, starting with a single type of iron-fortified infant nutritional rice flour. After trying the first rice flour, add another flavor of rice flour every 3 to 5 days. Each time you add a new flavor of food to your baby, it should be several days apart from the last time. Start with 1 tablespoon for the first time, and gradually increase the amount of food for infants over time. Note that these complementary foods should preferably be natural tasting, no sugar or salt added, and plain is good. Especially for vegetables, giving your baby the natural taste of a variety of vegetables can avoid the problem of not liking vegetables when they grow up. When the baby has adapted to the first stage, about 8 months after the size of it, we can slowly start the second stage of food, food varieties close to adult food, to provide infants with nutrient needs; food hardness or size should be moderately increased, to adapt to the development of infant chewing, swallowing function, such as the end, crushed, finger or strip soft food, including fruits, vegetables, fish meat, eggs, to begin to exercise chewing ability, to Infants should be fed coarse complementary foods, such as minced meat, thick porridge, minced vegetables, steamed buns, or teething cookies and other foods that need to be chewed. Through chewing training, infants can exercise the ability to control the tongue and oral muscle movement, laying a good foundation for future language development. Larger infants over the age of 8 months should eat meat and eggs every day, and also eat a small amount of fat. You can eat animal liver or animal blood once or twice a week and pork three to four times a week; you should eat an egg every day. Meat and eggs can provide infants with high-quality protein and minerals needed for growth and development, and red meat can provide rich and easily absorbed iron, which can prevent infants from developing iron deficiency. There is one more point, the baby’s gastrointestinal is very tender, in order to prevent food allergies, before 4 months is not to add supplementary food, before 1 year old can not eat egg whites and shrimp and crab, before and after 1 year old can eat fish in moderation, often listen to parents proudly told me they give a few months of the baby to eat sea cucumber, shrimp, crab and other seafood, really worried about the baby, do not simply think of the child can increase nutrition, but also to consider the baby’s body It is important to consider whether the baby’s body can withstand the so-called nutrition, or worse, can cause allergies and even asthma. The above is what every mother should try to do, but other aspects such as avoiding picky and anorexic children, paying attention to infant food safety, avoiding children eating allergy-causing foods and so on should not be ignored, and training babies (especially 1~2 years old) their own eating habits is also a very important aspect, so, for the sake of the baby, the mother has a long way to go. The above can be said to be just a traction for moms to get started, and hopefully moms have a good start to lay a good foundation for our baby, and that’s all for today.