Whether cytomegalovirus positivity is serious or not is related to the patient’s immune status, whether she is pregnant or not, and other factors. Cytomegalovirus positivity is not serious in normal people, but it is more serious in pregnant women and AIDS patients. Cytomegalovirus positivity can lead to respiratory infections that cause fever, cough, and other symptoms. Cytomegalovirus positivity in normal individuals may indicate infection with cytomegalovirus, which can be controlled at a low level of viral load through one’s own resistance, and usually does not have obvious symptoms and the prognosis for patients is better. However, cytomegalovirus positivity in fetuses, AIDS patients and other immunocompromised patients is more serious. Cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women can lead to fetal malformations, miscarriages, and preterm deliveries; cytomegalovirus infection in AIDS patients can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia, hepatitis, and central nervous system lesions, thus threatening the patient’s life. Therefore, cytomegalovirus-positive patients should go to the hospital in a timely manner and receive regular treatment under the guidance of a doctor.