This question is complicated and needs to be analyzed in the context of many specific situations. 1. In general, there is no one fixed answer. It is not that this kind of surgery must be done at 8 months, but not at 1 year old, or must be done at 2 years old, but absolutely not at 6 months. But there are some general principles. Most deformities require surgery within 2-3 years of age. In the past, due to the lack of understanding of the disease and surgical experience, the concept that “we should wait until we grow up, around 12 years old, and operate when we are mature” should be abandoned. This is mainly because a child who is too young cannot tolerate a long operation and the risk of anesthesia is relatively high. This is especially true for slightly more complex surgeries, which are better done when they are older. Another reason is that children who are too young have unclear anatomy or are too small to perform effective surgical operations. There are some exceptional cases, such as redundant fingers with very small tips, which can be removed early by clamping or tying. Some people abroad have operated to separate the juxtaposed fingers in the neonatal period, and the results are said to be good, but there is no universal agreement yet. Sometimes, if the deformity is allowed to develop, secondary skeletal and joint development problems may arise, such as marginal syndactyly (thumb and index finger, or ring finger and little finger), central polydactyly, finger deviation due to triangular phalanges, and forearm deviation due to radial or ulnar dysplasia. Early surgery is recommended in these cases to avoid further deformities that are more difficult to manage. By early, we generally mean 6-8 months of age. If the hand development is not expected to bring new, difficult deformities, you can wait a little longer, as the surgery will be safer and easier to perform when the child is older. For example, in the case of central syndactyly (middle ring finger, or middle finger syndactyly), there is no obvious finger deviation in most cases, but if deviation is present, surgery should be performed as soon as possible. For example, in the case of polydactyly of the thumb, it is better to wait until the hand is large enough to operate because of the complicated osteotomy and muscle and tendon displacement operations. 5. Is it possible to have only one surgery? Most of them are not. After the syndactyly is separated, skin implants are needed. The growth rate of the skin implants is slower than the normal tissue, and it is possible that the web of the fingers may creep up after 5-6 years. This is when some of the more severe, or more demanding patients, need to have another surgery. If the impact is not significant, the surgery can be left alone. After surgery for polydactyly of the thumb, some patients may still have joint instability, deviation and poor movement. In this case, reoperation is required. Radial or ulnar dysplasia requires multiple complex corrective surgeries. In giant finger deformity, surgery such as volume reduction, epiphyseal block, and neurectomy graft is required depending on the bone development. Long-term regular review is required. 6.Can the surgery reach normal? This is the main concern of parents. But unfortunately, the answer is “never”. But all deformed or injured hands, no matter how smart the doctor is and how cooperative the patient is, will always leave some sequelae in the end. The most successful surgery is only close to normal, but never normal. Relatively speaking, the best results are for simple syndactyly and polydactyly of the thumb. Macrophthalmia is relatively difficult to treat, the satisfaction rate is not high, and a large proportion of the deformed fingers can only be amputated. 7.What can be achieved by surgery? I think the function and appearance will definitely be improved after the surgery. However, each person’s condition is different, and the choice of surgery is different, so it is difficult to predict the outcome well in advance. Sometimes in severe deformities, such as multiple short fingers and missing fingers, we can only settle for the second best to improve the function so that they can carry out their daily life, but the appearance is not satisfactory. 8.Does the surgery require general anesthesia? General anesthesia is necessary. There is no information to prove that general anesthesia can affect intelligence.