As we enter the twenty-first century, cardiovascular diseases pose a new and serious challenge to mankind. In the World Health Report 2002, the World Health Organization (WHO), in collaboration with experts from around the world, collected and analyzed the major diseases that pose a threat to human health in the world today, among which cardiovascular diseases (including cerebrovascular diseases) have the highest mortality rate, with about 17 million deaths due to cardiovascular diseases worldwide each year, and more than 3/4 of the causes of cardiovascular deaths can be attributed to smoking, hypertension and {cholesterol blood disorders. Cardiovascular disease has become a global public health problem. In China, with the development of economic level, the improvement of people’s living standard, the change of diet structure, and the rapid aging of the population, the incidence and mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases are rising rapidly, becoming the fast rising countries in the world, surpassing many developed countries. 2005″, a comprehensive report and analysis of the epidemiological trends of cardiovascular diseases and the progress of cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment research in China. The report shows that the risk factors for cardiovascular disease in China are growing significantly. There are 160 million hypertensive patients (110 million of them are working population), 160 million people with existing dyslipidemia, 200 million overweight people, 60 million obese people, more than 20 million diabetic people, 350 million smokers, and a large number of alcohol drinkers and physically inactive people, which is undoubtedly a huge reserve army of cardiovascular diseases. Among the existing cardiovascular disease population, 7 million people suffer from stroke; 2 million people suffer from myocardial infarction, and 500,000 people suffer from new myocardial infarction every year; 4 million people suffer from heart failure; 2.5 million people suffer from rheumatic heart disease; and 100,000 children are born with congenital heart disease every year. The number of deaths from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases amounts to 2.5 to 3 million per year, of which cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular diseases account for half each. The annual medical costs of major cardiovascular diseases amount to 130.117 billion RMB, the growth rate of which is close to twice the growth rate of China’s gross domestic product, causing a huge economic burden to society. Thus, it is of great importance to fully understand the hazards of cardiovascular diseases, actively intervene in cardiovascular risk factors and prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases is a difficult and complex systemic project that requires the participation of the whole society and all citizens; without an effective prevention strategy and intervention measures, a greater epidemic of cardiovascular diseases may occur in China in the near future.