Blood pressure generally refers to the pressure generated on the side walls of blood vessels as the blood flows through the arterial vessels, and this power is mainly derived from the heart’s one contraction. Normal blood pressure is important to maintain the blood pressure supply to tissues and organs, but when blood pressure is consistently high (≥140/90mmHg), it is an abnormal performance called hypertension. When the blood pressure is higher, the greater the impact on the blood vessels, even causing them to deform and rupture.
I. Types of hypertension
Hypertension mainly includes two types, namely primary hypertension and secondary hypertension, the former is more than 90% of the pathogenesis is unknown, the latter cause is relatively clear, mostly secondary to other diseases, both can be identified by examination. In addition, hypertension can be clinically divided into different levels, and its diagnostic criteria and classification are as follows.
Second, what causes the occurrence of hypertension
The pathogenesis of hypertension is complex and not yet completely clear, its pathogenesis mainly includes five kinds of mechanisms, the increase in blood pressure can be caused by one or more mechanisms involved. Common pathogenic mechanisms include.
1, sympathetic nervous system excitation: sympathetic nerves are the nerves that regulate the activities of the heart and other internal organs, when the sympathetic nerves are excited, it can make the heart beat faster and blood pressure rise. Anxiety, emotional excitement, exertion, etc. can cause.
2, renin angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation: RAAS system mainly exists in the human circulatory system, blood vessels, heart and other locations, can maintain the relative stability of the human body environment, over-stimulation of this system, can make the blood pressure rise. Smoking, alcohol abuse, birth control pills, etc. can also cause.
3, vascular mechanism: changes in the structure and function of large and small arteries can directly affect blood pressure, and certain substances in the walls of blood vessels can regulate cardiovascular function, thus maintaining normal blood pressure in the human body. Ageing, hyperlipidemia, elevated blood sugar, high homocysteine, smoking, etc. can cause.
4, renal mechanism: water and sodium retention in the kidneys due to various reasons, which cannot be excreted, when the pressure-sodium diuretic mechanism can be activated to raise blood pressure.
5, insulin resistance: insulin resistance means that it must be higher than normal insulin levels to maintain normal blood glucose levels, and in the process often comes at the cost of increased blood pressure and abnormal metabolism of blood lipids.
Third, what are the symptoms of hypertension
After the occurrence of hypertension patients can appear a series of symptoms, but of course the symptoms are different from person to person. Some patients can be asymptomatic or symptoms are not obvious, but also symptoms can be more serious. Such as the appearance of dizziness, headache, weakness, palpitations, etc. There may also be nosebleeds, severe headaches, nausea, vomiting and other rare symptoms. When hypertension rises to a certain level, the existing symptoms are significantly aggravated. When the blood pressure ≥ 180/120mmHg, for hypertensive crisis, should promptly go to the hospital for medical consultation.
Fourth, hypertension to do which examination
Once suspected of hypertension, the following tests should be completed.
1, routine physical examination: heart size, heart murmur, heart rate, etc. can be checked.
2, laboratory tests: including routine blood, urine routine, macrobiochemistry, etc.
3, other examinations: such as electrocardiogram, echocardiography, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, fundus examination, etc.
V. How to treat hypertension
The long-term development of hypertension can be harmful to body organs, such as causing strokes, heart complications, atherosclerosis, fundus lesions, kidney damage, etc. Therefore, active intervention is needed. Lifestyle interventions, including low salt diet, fat reduction, smoking and alcohol cessation, exercise, weight control, and psychological balance, are preferred, although care should be taken to avoid strenuous exercise if exercise causes a significant increase in blood pressure. If lifestyle interventions are not effective, antihypertensive medication is required. Under the guidance of a doctor, choose medication according to your different conditions, preferably one that can maintain blood pressure control once a day. In addition, new treatment methods have emerged, such as renal artery desympathetic ablation, which removes the sympathetic nerve of the renal artery through radiofrequency current energy in order to have a hypotensive effect.
Six, hypertension patients at home how to monitor blood pressure
In addition to actively cooperate with treatment, patients should also master the daily monitoring methods of blood pressure, and pay attention to their blood pressure changes in a timely manner. For example, measure at the same time every day, the same arm, the same posture for measurement, keep quiet for 4-5 minutes before measurement, and the table and chair height appropriate, keep the body straight. In addition, hypertension has a “double peak and a valley” characteristic, where the “double peak” refers to the two highest blood pressure hours of the day, namely 8-9 a.m. and 4-6 p.m. Most patients have their blood pressure measured most accurately during this time, and the specific time period for individuals is based on actual measurements. The specific time period is determined by individual data. The “valley” refers to the time of day when blood pressure is lowest, i.e., 2-3 a.m. Blood pressure measurements can be taken after mastering the above characteristics to better assess the condition.
Seven, how to prevent hypertension
Hypertension can also be prevented in daily life by the following ways.
1, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol.
2, salt-sensitive people should control intake and reasonable diet.
3, reasonable weight loss and weight control.
4, appropriate participation in physical activities.
5, work and rest, maintain a happy mood, avoid emotional ups and downs.