Because of the diversity of epilepsy types, there are many factors that can lead to seizures. Many factors that people with epilepsy do not even think about can lead to seizures. The following is a detailed description of the causes of epilepsy: 1. Prenatal and perinatal disorders Birth injuries are a common cause of symptomatic epilepsy in infancy. Contusions, edema, hemorrhage and infarction can also lead to localized cerebral sclerosis, which can form foci several years later. Patients with cerebral palsy are also often complicated by epilepsy. Traumatic brain injury (including open traumatic brain injury and closed traumatic brain injury) According to statistics, about one-third of epileptic patients have a history of head trauma. There is no doubt that traumatic brain injury is indeed one of the main causes of epilepsy onset. As far as traumatic brain injury itself is concerned, patients with epilepsy after traumatic brain injury are still in the minority. About 5% of patients develop seizures after traumatic brain injury, but after traumatic brain injury, the number of patients who develop seizures early may be one-fourth of those who develop seizures late. Seizures triggered after brain surgery generally depend on factors such as surgical trauma, local edema, and disturbance of nerve cell metabolism, while the incidence is related to the choice of surgical method, the nature of the lesion, the site of surgery, and whether the patient had epilepsy before the surgery. 3, Causes of post-febrile convulsion epilepsy Severe and prolonged febrile convulsions can lead to brain damage including neuronal loss and gliosis, mainly in the medial temporal lobe, especially in the hippocampus. 4. Brain diseases (including brain tumors, cerebrovascular disease, intracranial infections, etc.) Brain diseases are a common cause of epilepsy, especially the so-called late-onset epilepsy in adulthood, which accounts for a somewhat higher number of cases. Due to the growth of brain tumor, it compresses or affects the surrounding brain tissue and its blood vessels, producing brain edema, swelling, hypoxia, ischemia, sclerosis or atrophy of brain tissue, resulting in metabolic abnormalities of these nerve cells and changes in membrane potential, which often produce abnormal discharges under the stimulation of endogenous or exogenous factors, triggering epilepsy; another part of juvenile patients induce epilepsy due to vascular malformation; another part of patients suffer from intracranial In addition, some patients may have seizures due to intracranial bacterial and viral parasitic infections, causing encephalitis, meningitis, arachnoiditis, brain abscess, etc. 5, epilepsy caused by systemic factors such as carbon monoxide poisoning, acute and chronic renal failure, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypertensive encephalopathy, islet adenoma, hyperthyroidism, and various systemic infections, vitamin B6 deficiency, etc., can cause seizures. 6, infection causes epilepsy seen in various bacterial encephalitis, brain abscess, sarcoidosis, viral encephalitis, and parasitic diseases, such as pig cysts, schistosomes, toxoplasma, etc.