The majority of lumbar spondylolisthesis can be recovered through regular conservative treatment or surgery, and the specific recovery rate varies from literature to literature, but is generally above 90%. Surgery for lumbar spondylolisthesis is usually indicated when the patient has been treated conservatively for 6 to 8 weeks, has poor therapeutic effects, has neurological deficits, has a lumbar spondylolisthesis of more than 50%, has obvious deformities in physical appearance, has gait problems when walking, or has pain in the legs. The vast majority of cases can be well recovered with both conservative and surgical treatments. Surgical treatment for lumbar spondylolisthesis generally includes fusion surgery, decompression surgery, internal fixation, etc. The main principles are decompression, repositioning, fusion and stabilization of the spine. Patients are advised to seek timely medical attention and follow the doctor’s instructions.