The chromatin in the nucleus of the sperm carries the genetic material of the individual human being. When the sperm unites with the egg to form a fertilized egg, the sperm transmits the genetic information in the nucleus to the offspring to ensure the normal development of the embryo. The integrity of DNA, the carrier of genetic material in sperm, can affect the ability of sperm to fertilize, the division of the fertilized egg, and the normal development of the embryo. Low sperm DNA integrity can lead to infertility, recurrent miscarriages and low success rate of assisted conception treatment, yet tests such as routine semen and sperm morphology can show no abnormalities at this time, and therefore, can easily be missed and overlooked. Sperm chromatin structure analysis helps to understand the integrity of male sperm DNA, and it together with routine semen examination can provide a more comprehensive understanding of male fertility and predict the development of embryos. Sperm DNA damage can be caused by inflammation of the reproductive tract, testicular overheating, medications, smoking, environmental toxins, varicocele, and hormonal factors. Sperm DNA damage testing can provide a better measure of male fertility and predict reproductive outcomes. Studies have shown a correlation between abnormal sperm DNA and miscarriage; a significant negative correlation between quality of pre-implantation embryo development and sperm DNA damage; and couples planning intrauterine insemination (IUI) should consider IVF or ICSI if the male partner has high levels of sperm DNA damage. Treatment 1. Using sperm preparation techniques to reduce the rate of DNA-damaged sperm can be an important way to improve ART fertilization rates, but the method should be gentle and rapid, minimizing the time and steps of in vitro processing and reducing the speed of centrifugation. 2. Antioxidants can protect sperm DNA from ROS damage. The addition of antioxidants alone during in vitro culture can help protect the integrity of sperm DNA. 3, Oral antioxidants are an effective way to protect sperm DNA from ROS damage. Zinc has a protective effect on NO-induced sperm DNA strand breaks; selenium in semen affects human sperm quality and may be associated with oxidative sperm DNA damage; lead and cadmium in semen may be associated with oxidative sperm DNA damage. Therefore, increasing the levels of zinc and selenium in semen and controlling the levels of lead and cadmium through oral medication may have a beneficial effect on reducing sperm DNA damage.