Chickenpox is an acute infectious disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus. It occurs mainly in infants and young children, with an acute onset of fever and rash, which first appears on the scalp and compressed parts of the trunk, with a centripetal distribution. The skin lesions evolve from small red papules → herpes → crusting → decrusting, and the rash exists at the same time in all phases. The course of the disease is 2 to 3 weeks. PCR method of detecting antibodies to nasopharyngeal secretions is the most sensitive and rapid method for early diagnosis. Treatment: Children should be isolated early until all rashes are crusted over. Children who have been in contact with chickenpox should be isolated and observed for 3 weeks. There is no specific treatment for the disease. The main treatment is symptomatic to prevent secondary skin infections and to keep clean to avoid itching. Intensify care to prevent secondary infections. Topical treatment is to stop itching and prevent infection, and topical application of glyburide lotion can be used. In case of severe secondary infection systemic symptoms, antibiotics are available. Corticosteroids are contraindicated to prevent chickenpox from developing and worsening. The first of these is the use of antiviral drugs for the treatment of varicella-zoster. The first step is to use a-interferon to inhibit the replication of the virus, prevent the spread of the virus, promote the healing of the skin lesions, accelerate the recovery of the disease and reduce the death rate. Prevention: control the source of infection, isolate the affected child until the rash is all crusted over, and quarantine susceptible children who have been exposed for 3 weeks. For immunocompromised, immunosuppressed and pregnant women, if there is a history of exposure, gammaglobulin, or herpes zoster immunoglobulin, can be used for intramuscular injection. Foreign countries have begun to use live attenuated varicella vaccine, the prevention effect is better. The disease is self-limiting and lifelong immunity can be obtained after the disease. The incubation period of the disease is 12 to 21 days, an average of 14 days. The rash starts on the scalp and trunk with pressure and is distributed centripetally. The rash appeared in batches during the rash period of 1-6 days. The lesions evolve from small red papules → herpes → crusting → decrusting, and no scars are left after decrusting. Itching is obvious during the scarring period, and mild indentations can be left if the infection is secondary to scratching. The fever may be high in weak individuals, and disseminated chickenpox and chickenpox pneumonia may occur in about 4% of adults. The incubation period is 2 to 3 weeks, mostly in children aged 1 to 10 years. The onset of the disease is rapid, and there may be prodromal symptoms such as fever, headache, and generalized lethargy. The rash appears within 24 hours of onset and quickly turns into a round, tense blister of rice to pea size with a distinct red halo around it and an umbilical fossa in the center of the blister. The blisters dry up and crust over 2 to 3 days, and the scabs are removed and healed without scarring. The lesions are distributed centripetally, starting from the front of the face and later on the trunk and extremities. The number is variable with the trunk being the most common, followed by the face and head, the extremities being less common, and the palmoplantar being even less common. Mucous membranes are also often invaded, and are found in the mouth, pharynx, conjunctiva, vulva, anus, etc. The lesions often occur in batches, so papules, blisters and crusts are often present at the same time, and the disease lasts for 2-3 weeks. If the child’s resistance is low, the lesions may spread progressively throughout the body, forming disseminated chickenpox. The clinical heterotypes of chickenpox are: herpetic chickenpox, hemorrhagic chickenpox, neonatal chickenpox, adult chickenpox, etc. In addition, varicella infection during pregnancy can cause fetal malformation, premature birth or stillbirth.