Many women of childbearing age are very nervous when they are found to be positive for HPV virus during preconception checkups, thinking that they will get cervical cancer. I. HPV – Human papillomavirus Human papillomavirus is a big family with roughly more than 120 siblings, and the lesions are mostly located in skin and mucous membrane. HPV viruses are divided into two categories: low-risk and high-risk. Low-risk HPV infections can appear as common warts (commonly known as wart) and genital warts, while high-risk HPV infections are associated with the development of cervical cancer. The HPV infection is mainly through sexual contact and most women have a short infection period, usually disappearing on their own in 8-10 months, but only 10%-15% of women over 35 years old have persistent infection and have an increased chance of developing cervical cancer. Persistent infection of the cervical epithelium by high-risk HPV viruses can lead to precancerous cervical cancer, medically known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). CIN is divided into CIN I, CIN II and CIN III. CIN III is cervical carcinoma in situ, 60% of CINI will regress naturally, 20% of CIN II will develop into CIN III and 5% will develop into cervical cancer, so CIN II and CIN III need close attention and treatment. C. How to prevent cervical cancer in women over 30 years old HPV infection is very common in young women, but most of the infection is transient, so the World Health Organization recommends women aged 30-65 years old to undergo combined high-risk HPV testing + cervical cytology (TCT) screening to prevent cervical cancer. 1. High-risk HPV negative with normal cytology: very low risk of cervical cancer, rechecked after 3-5 years. 2.High-risk HPV positive with normal cytology: review after 6-12 months, if both are negative, review after 3-5 years; if one or both are positive, colposcopy and cervical tissue biopsy are needed to clarify whether there are cervical precancerous lesions. 3.High-risk HPV negative with abnormal cytology: colposcopy and cervical tissue biopsy are needed to clarify whether there is cervical precancerous lesion. 4.Cervical precancer treatment: CIN I can be observed and physical treatment including laser, electrocautery, freezing, etc.; CIN II and CIN III can be treated with cervical conization including electric knife, laser, cold knife conization to stop the progress of precancerous lesions so as to prevent the occurrence of cervical cancer.