Pterygium is a common disease in ophthalmology, and there are many different explanations for its etiology and pathogenesis, and there is no one accepted classical theory. It occurs mostly in outdoor workers and may be associated with long-term stimulation by sand, smoke, sunlight, and ultraviolet light. The pathogenesis of pterygium is complex and is currently thought to be related to immune response, fibroblast transformation and conjunctival migration, corneal limbal stem cell dysfunction, and abnormalities in apoptosis. Pterygium requires surgical treatment, and simple pterygium excision is feasible, but it is prone to recurrence after surgery; it is currently believed that excision with corneal limbal stem cell transplantation is the best treatment, which greatly reduces the recurrence rate after surgery, because corneal limbal stem cell transplantation plays a role in blocking the growth of pterygium tissue to the cornea and gives the corneal epithelium time to repair; at the same time, the surgery should be performed by experienced surgeons with microsurgical techniques and skills, which It is also important to reduce the recurrence rate after surgery.