The syndrome of cerebral palsy (CP) was first discovered by Little in England in 1841, and Burgess first applied the term cerebral palsy in 1888. 1988, the first symposium on cerebral palsy in China defined the time of brain damage in the definition of cerebral palsy as the period before birth to one month after birth. 2006, the definition of cerebral palsy was revised by the National Pediatric Cerebral Palsy Conference. In 2006, the National Pediatric Cerebral Palsy Conference revised the definition of cerebral palsy as a syndrome caused by non-progressive brain injury and developmental defects from conception to infancy, mainly manifesting as movement disorders and postural abnormalities. With the improvement of obstetric technology, perinatal health care medicine and neonatal emergency medicine, the incidence of neonatal mortality and stillbirth has gradually decreased, and the survival of preterm, very low weight and perinatal critically ill neonates has increased, and the incidence of pediatric cerebral palsy has increased. The incidence of cerebral palsy increases with decreasing gestational age, and the younger the gestational age, the higher the incidence of cerebral palsy; the lower the birth weight, the higher the incidence, and the smaller the gestational age (SGA) among preterm infants, the higher the incidence of cerebral palsy than in children of appropriate gestational age. In the United States, morbidity and mortality due to prematurity is the major perinatal problem, accounting for 6-9% of infants born at less than 37 weeks of gestation but 70% of all perinatal deaths and 50% of all neurological disorders. National studies have shown that the prevalence of cerebral palsy in preterm infants born at less than 37 weeks of gestation is 35.13 per 1,000 live births, 22.23 times higher than in full-term infants. Psehirrer’s study showed that 8-10% of cerebral palsy was caused by perinatal asphyxia. In China, neonatal asphyxia is still the first cause of high risk factors for the development of pediatric cerebral palsy. The European and American flow studies have shown that the incidence of cerebral palsy has a tendency to increase or to decrease once and then increase again, and is considered the most common childhood disease in recent times. According to the analysis of the survey on the prevalence of pediatric cerebral palsy in six provinces and regions in China from 1997 to 1998, the prevalence of cerebral palsy increased from 1.28‰ to 2.70‰, and some reports showed that the prevalence of cerebral palsy in China has reached 4‰. In the world, there are about 15 million children with cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy has become a growing long-term health problem of children in recent years, and is one of the major diseases that cause disability to children after the basic control of “polio”. Because of the serious neurological sequelae caused by cerebral palsy, it is especially important to introduce the concept of early diagnosis of cerebral palsy to reduce and prevent neurological sequelae. Early diagnosis of cerebral palsy refers to the diagnosis of cerebral palsy in infants from 3 to 9 months of age, where the diagnosis between 0 and 3 months of age is also called ultra-early diagnosis. Early diagnosis is mostly diagnosed as zenetrale coordination storung (ZKS), or brain damage syndrome (BDS). In clinical rehabilitation, this diagnosis is actually an early diagnosis for children at risk of cerebral palsy or children at risk of brain damage with high-risk factors, and its significance is not necessarily a definite diagnosis of cerebral palsy, but a judgment of whether it should be used as a target for early rehabilitation. Early diagnosis and evaluation of cerebral palsy 1. Early diagnostic criteria for cerebral palsy: 1. The brain injury causing cerebral palsy (cerebral palsy for short) is non-progressive; 2. The lesion causing the movement disorder is in the brain; 3. The developmental delay is not present. The diagnosis of cerebral palsy in high-risk children is based on: 1. High-risk factors in pregnancy and perinatal period, such as neonatal asphyxia, hyperbilirubinemia, low birth weight, prematurity, multiple births, etc. Special attention should be paid to the presence of apnea, convulsive seizures, hypotonia, lack of embrace reflex or lack of hand and foot grasping reflex in the neonatal period, and if it is certain, it should be considered as a severe disorder. 2.Motor development delay and abnormalities. Generally 6 months is the key month to detect motor development delay and abnormalities. Once infants with high risk factors do not reach normal motor development milestones, they should be alerted to the presence of cerebral palsy. 3. Abnormal postural reflexes. In addition to the Vojta postural reflex, remnants of primitive reflexes from the neonatal period are seen. 4. abnormal muscle tone and pathological posture. 4-5 month old children with cerebral palsy may see pathological postures, such as abnormal muscle contraction states, which manifest as muscle hypertonia, hypotonia, waviness, and uncoordinated muscle contractions. 5. Abnormal brainstem evoked potentials. It can be divided into brainstem auditory evoked potentials, visual evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials. Among them, auditory evoked potentials can detect the damage in the auditory nerve pathway of children with cerebral palsy quite sensitively and is one of the important criteria for the diagnosis of ultra-early cerebral palsy. Visual evoked potentials suggesting optic nerve atrophy are also an important reference indicator for the diagnosis of ultra-early cerebral palsy. 6. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or cranial CT examination has imaging abnormalities of the brain. The following scales are commonly used in the early diagnosis and efficacy assessment of cerebral palsy. The application of these scales provides a reliable basis for the diagnosis of the disease, the development of the rehabilitation plan and the evaluation of the rehabilitation effect. 3.Neuromotor development evaluation Gesell neurodevelopmental assessment: It is suitable for the diagnostic examination of infant and child intellectual development from 0 to 3 years old. The developmental quotient (DQ) indicates the level of intelligence development of infants and toddlers, mainly including social adaptation, personal socialization, gross motor, fine motor and language. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID): The BSID was developed in 1969 and revised in 1993, and is divided into three parts: the intelligence scale (MDI), the psychomotor scale (PDI), and the behavior record. The IQ scale includes cognitive, language, and social skills, and the PDI includes gross and fine motor skills. The psychomotor development index is a good indicator of the changes in motor function of children with cerebral palsy before and after rehabilitation treatment. The measurement results are divided into 3 categories: below 69 as developmental delay, 70-79 as critical state, and above 80 as normal development. Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM): A scale reflecting the changes in clinical motor function in pediatric cerebral palsy. It is an internationally recognized tool for testing gross motor function in cerebral palsy, and all items that children with normal motor function can complete within 5 years of age. There are two versions of the GMFM-88 and GMFM-66, the latter being a revised version, and the revised version should be used in the assessment of the efficacy of pediatric cerebral palsy. The scale is divided into two functional areas: prone movement and turning; crawling and kneeling movement; sitting movement combined with balance reflex establishment; standing movement; walking, running, jumping and climbing movement. These five functional areas can reflect the rehabilitation of major dysfunctions, postural abnormalities, and abnormal postural reflexes in cerebral palsy, and can assess both motor development and important reflexes in children, and from some functional areas can also reflect changes in muscle strength and tone. The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) was created in Alberta, Canada in the 1990s by experts in rehabilitation medicine and child development based on the sequence of motor development and changes in motor patterns in infants. It is used to assess the motor development of infants from birth to independent walking. It has been studied for reliability, validity, and structure in Canada and in several different countries and regions, with studies in mainland China showing high reliability and validity for use with domestic infants. Studies in Taiwan on the reliability and validity of the AIMS in the application to preterm infants in Taiwan have shown that the scale has good reliability and validity, but has some limitations in terms of prediction. Studies in Brazil have also shown high validity and reliability of the AIMS for the assessment of motor development in high-risk infants in the Brazilian public health care system. The 52-item infant neuromotor developmental examination The infant neuromotor assessment was developed by Professor Bao Xiulan of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, a renowned pediatrician in China, based on many years of clinical experience and combining advanced methods of infant neurobehavioral developmental assessment at home and abroad, and has been widely used in clinical practice. It is a comprehensive assessment of infant’s neurobehavioral development by evaluating the infant’s auditory and visual responses, primitive reflexes, neurophysiological reflexes, postural reflexes and muscle tone. It is widely used in clinical practice to evaluate the level of neurobehavioral development of normal infants, and is also an evaluation method for early diagnosis of brain-injured infants and cerebral palsy.