Pain on one side of the back of the head is mainly seen in cervical spondylosis and greater occipital neuralgia. Cervical spondylosis is most common in middle-aged and elderly patients, especially among manual workers, drivers or teachers, mainly due to prolonged head-down work. Patients may also have symptoms such as shoulder soreness, posterior neck discomfort, dizziness, etc. Cervical spine CT or cervical spine magnetic resonance examination may indicate straightening of the physiological curvature of the cervical spine, cervical spine osteophytes, cervical spine disc herniation and other manifestations. Occipital neuralgia is a common neuropathic pain, mainly due to mechanical or inflammatory stimulation of the outlet or the alignment of the occipital nerve, with intermittent episodes of pain like pins and needles or cuts, often related to head activities. Patients are advised to take rest, and if necessary, take oral pain medications such as ibuprofen and diclofenac sodium, and also apply nerve-nourishing drugs such as methylcobalamin. In addition, it can also be seen in tumors in the posterior cranial fossa, trauma, strain on the neck muscles, and patients are advised to consult the relevant departments of the hospital.