The manifestations of dermatomyositis are mainly skin-specific manifestations, muscle weakness and other manifestations.
1. Skin-specific lesions: eyelid purplish-red spots, i.e. edematous purplish-red patches centered on both eyelids; Gottron’s patches, i.e. flat purplish-red papules on the extensor side of the metacarpophalangeal joints; dermatosis heterochromatica, manifested as face, neck and trunk hypopigmentation, stippling keratinization and capillary dilatation.
2. Muscle weakness: when the muscles of the limbs are involved, it mainly manifests as weakness of the proximal muscles of the limbs, which manifests as difficulty in squatting or standing up, difficulty in lifting the hands and combing the hair, etc. It can also manifest as swelling and pain of the affected muscles. Involvement of respiratory muscles can be manifested as dyspnea, etc. Involvement of pharyngeal muscles can be manifested as dysphagia.
3. Other: the back of the hand can be seen as furfuraceous scaly erythema, periungual erythema, Raynaud’s phenomenon, alopecia, photoallergy, vasculitis damage, and some children’s dermatomyositis lesions occur in the muscle of calcium sedimentation.
Some dermatomyositis can be accompanied by malignant tumors, facial erythema is often manifested as “drunken-like” face, that is, malignant erythema. It is recommended that patients with dermatomyositis consult the rheumatology and immunology department in a timely manner, under the guidance of the doctor for standardized treatment, and regular follow-up.