After more than 30 years of clinical practice, the effectiveness of artificial hip arthroplasty has been fully recognized and has developed into a reliable treatment. The main purpose of arthroplasty is to relieve joint pain, correct deformities, and restore and improve joint motion. The first indication for arthroplasty is osteoarthritis, an inflammation of the joint caused by cartilage wear and tear, which is characterized by osteophytes, synovitis, tendonitis, etc. The pain is aggravated by weight bearing or activity. Other indications are, in order, aseptic necrosis of bone (e.g., femoral head necrosis, etc.), certain hip fractures (e.g., femoral neck fractures), rheumatoid arthritis, traumatic arthritis, benign and malignant bone tumors, and ankylosing spondylitis. In short, any disease with x-ray signs of joint destruction, with moderate to severe persistent joint pain and dysfunction, and which cannot be relieved by various other non-surgical treatments, has indications for artificial joint replacement. In patients with bilateral femoral head necrosis, bilateral hip or knee osteoarthritis, simultaneous or sequential bilateral hip or knee arthroplasty is sometimes required. In patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, multiple joint replacement is often required due to pain, stiffness and dysfunction of multiple joints. At present, there are many reports of simultaneous or sequential artificial joint replacement of four joints in both knees and hips for one patient. In the past, the most appropriate age range for total hip and knee arthroplasty was 60-75 years. In the last decade, the indications have been expanded to include older and younger patients. However, because younger patients are more active and live longer after surgery, and the life span of artificial joints is limited, younger patients may have to face the possibility of a second or even a third joint revision surgery after surgery. Therefore, artificial joint surgery for young patients should be done with more caution. We now use a ceramic-to-ceramic interface, which is theoretically virtually wear-free and suitable for younger patients. Active local or systemic infections and other conditions that have the potential to increase serious complications in the perioperative period are contraindications to artificial joint replacement. Artificial joints began in foreign countries in the 1940s and were gradually carried out in China after the 1960s. Currently, artificial hip and knee replacements are considered to be the treatments with very positive results in artificial joint replacement, and other artificial joints such as artificial elbow joints, artificial shoulder joints, artificial vertebrae, and artificial pelvis replacements are carried out to varying degrees.