Indications for surgery of pulmonary alveoli: 1, the large volume of pulmonary alveoli, occupying more than 1/3 to 1/2 of one side of the thoracic cavity, clinically symptomatic, and no other lung lesions, surgical removal of pulmonary alveoli can make the compressed lung tissue reopen, respiratory area increase, intrapulmonary shunt disappears, arterial partial pressure of oxygen increases, airway resistance decreases, ventilation increases, the patient’s chest tightness, shortness of breath and other symptoms of respiratory distress can be improved. 2, spontaneous pneumothorax caused by rupture of pulmonary alveoli can be cured by non-surgical treatment such as thoracentesis, closed thoracic flow, etc., but spontaneous pneumothorax that occurs repeatedly should be treated by surgical methods. Ligation or suturing of the alveoli during surgery can be used to do pleural friction to fix the pleural adhesions and prevent recurrence of pneumothorax. 3, patients with combined hemopneumothorax sometimes have heavy clinical symptoms, often with chest pain, dyspnea, and also a series of manifestations of internal bleeding, clinical changes should be closely observed, and non-surgical measures, such as blood transfusion, thoracentesis, etc., should be taken within a short period of time, and when the symptoms do not improve significantly, open chest exploration should be performed decisively. At this time, there is often a large active bleeding, non-operative treatment observation time is often too long to delay the disease, the prognosis is not as good as surgical hemostasis. 4. Active surgical treatment is recommended for recurrent alveolar infections. Surgery should preserve as much healthy lung tissue as possible, and strive to make only alveolar resection and suture, or local lung tissue wedge resection, to avoid unnecessary loss of lung function.