Multiple myeloma is a kind of malignant tumor of the hematological system. In China, the incidence rate of multiple myeloma is about 1 in 100,000 to 2 in 100,000, which has surpassed acute leukemia and ranked second among malignant tumors of the hematological system. Dr. Li Jian, deputy director of the Department of Hematology at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, pointed out, “The median age of onset of multiple myeloma patients in China is 59 years old, and the incidence of multiple myeloma will increase with the aging of China’s population. Notably, the disease has been trending younger in recent years, with clinically discovered cases as young as 20 years old. Multiple myeloma has gradually become a more common hematologic neoplastic disease.” Currently, public awareness of multiple myeloma is generally low, resulting in delayed treatment and a poor prognosis. Clinical findings show that nearly two-thirds of patients are already in advanced stages of the disease at the time of diagnosis. However, most patients are first seen in orthopedics, nephrology, or other departments for hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, and bone lesions (bone pain and pathological fractures) – the main symptoms of multiple myeloma. When patients present with symptoms such as bone pain, anemia, renal insufficiency, hypercalcemia, and recurrent infections, it is recommended that they also visit the hematology department to achieve early detection in order to effectively control the progression of the disease in a timely manner.