If patients with advanced rectal cancer choose palliative surgery, they can survive for six months to one year after postoperative supplemental treatment, and the survival time varies with each patient’s pathological type and clinical stage. If rectal cancer is diagnosed early, surgery should be chosen in time, while for patients with advanced stage, abdominal wall fistula surgery can be chosen to solve the patient’s defecation problem. The most commonly used drugs are oxaliplatin, fluorouracil and calcium folinic acid. After 2-4 cycles of treatment, the tumor can be gradually reduced. It can also be combined with local radiation therapy, which can inhibit the development of tumor cells, prolong the patient’s survival time to a certain extent, and reduce the patient’s pain in the later stage.