Renal tumors account for about 1% of adult malignant tumors, and most of them are malignant. The common ones are renal cancer, renal pelvis cancer and nephroblastoma. Benign tumors include renal malignant tumors, but less than 5% of all renal tumors. （Kidney cancer, also known as renal cell carcinoma, is the most common malignant tumor in kidney, accounting for about 85%. The etiology is not yet clear, but the incidence is higher in smokers and those who are engaged in occupations with cadmium exposure. The disease has a genetic tendency. 2.Symptoms and signs The early symptoms of kidney cancer are not obvious, and some patients are discovered during health checkup. In the late stage, back pain, hematuria and masses are common, which may also be accompanied by weight loss, weakness, anemia, emaciation, fever, hypertension, fast blood sedimentation, abnormal liver function and the corresponding symptoms of tumor metastasis. (1) Ultrasound is non-invasive and economical, which can detect tumors with diameter of 1 cm or more and distinguish cystic or solid lesions. (2) Intravenous urography can not only see the pressure on the pelvis and calyces caused by kidney cancer, but also understand the function of the opposite kidney, which is an important prerequisite for deciding to remove the diseased kidney. (3) CT plain scan combined with enhanced scan can correctly distinguish the nature of lesion and understand the function of both kidneys, which is a routine examination before kidney tumor surgery. (4) Magnetic resonance imaging: when it is difficult to determine the nature of kidney tumor by CT or other examinations, MRI is helpful to determine the source and nature of tumor. (5) Nuclear bone scan and imaging can detect bone metastasis lesions earlier. 4.Treatment The surgical treatment of localized renal cancer should strive to perform radical nephrectomy. For small tumors, the “normal” kidney tissue can be preserved. For local infiltrating kidney cancer, the surgical treatment should still adopt radical nephrectomy and local lymph node dissection, and postoperative immunotherapy and biological therapy. If the tumor is too large and has distant metastasis, if the patient’s condition allows, the tumor should be removed and supplemented with biological and targeted therapy as much as possible, which can also achieve better results in individual cases. Kidney cancer is a tumor that is not sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, so biologic therapy and targeted therapy are the main treatment methods for advanced kidney cancer. （Renal pelvis cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs mainly in the metastatic epithelial cells of the mucosa of the renal pelvis. 1. Etiology The etiology is not clear. (1) Occupations such as dye, paint, rubber, tanning, fuel, pesticide, etc. (2) Long-term stimulation by smoking. (3) Long-term use of finasteride, coffee overdose, saccharin, RNA virus and genetic factors. 2.Symptoms Mostly painless carnal hematuria, heavy hematuria with earthworm-like blood, blood clots, anemia, lumbar and abdominal distension, renal colic, a few patients have no obvious symptoms. 3.Diagnosis Intravenous urography, ultrasound, CT, MRI and other imaging examinations are still the main diagnostic tools. 4.Treatment Radical surgery is the main treatment. The entire length of the kidney and ureter on the affected side and the bladder wall within 2 cm of the terminal opening will be removed together. After surgery, the bladder must be treated with anti-cancer drugs to prevent recurrence. (3) Nephroblastoma 1. Incidence This disease is mostly found in children, accounting for more than 80% of genitourinary malignant tumors in children under 15 years old and about 8% of pediatric solid tumors. 2.Etiology The tumor may originate from the posterior renal germinal base, which may be transformed into nephroblastoma by nephroblast proliferation. 3.Symptoms The unintentional discovery of a large abdominal mass by parents is the main reason for consultation. 4.Diagnosis The imaging examination such as ultrasound, CT, MRI is the main reason. 5.Treatment The survival rate of nephroblastoma can reach 80% by applying surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and comprehensive measures. (4) Renal vascular smooth muscle lipoma (renal malformation tumor) Renal vascular smooth muscle lipoma is a benign renal tumor. The disease is most common in adults, rare in children, and occasionally associated with tuberous sclerosis. 2.Etiology. The etiology is not clear. If the tumor ruptures, acute abdominal pain, enlarged lumbar mass and internal bleeding may occur. 4.Diagnosis Based on the above symptoms and signs and ultrasound, CT and other imaging examinations, the diagnosis can be clearly defined. At present, the renal malformation tumor seen in clinical practice is often found accidentally by physical examination. 5.Treatment Renal malformation tumor with diameter <4cm can be left untreated, but should be followed up closely. Those with a diameter of >4cm need to be treated surgically. In conclusion, with the advancement of imaging technology, especially the popularity of ultrasound examination, some asymptomatic and small renal tumors are more and more frequently detected, and these tumors have a better prognosis. Therefore, to improve health awareness, strengthen health checkups, achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment is the key to improve the cure rate.