The most common diseases that cause pain when the shin bone of the calf is pressed are local soft tissue injury, muscle strain, and vascular lesions of the lower extremities. If the calf is traumatized, the local soft tissue is damaged, local bruising and swelling, then pressing will produce pain. If long-distance walking or continuous lower limb exertion, resulting in calf muscle strain, muscle injury, local pressure increases, producing a large number of inflammatory pain factor, the pressure will also produce pain. In addition, vascular lesions of the lower limbs, such as varicose veins and phlebitis, lead to swelling of the calf and obstruction of lymphatic return, and localized pressure will also produce pain. It is recommended to do X-ray imaging and ultrasound examination of the calf in order to make a clear diagnosis. Other causes to look out for are fatigue fractures caused by prolonged over-activity, localized lesions of the tibia, etc., which can usually be clarified with imaging tests.