Heart valve disease is a common heart disease that seriously endangers people’s health. Heart valve disease is a structural and functional abnormality of single or multiple heart valves due to inflammation, mucinous degeneration, degenerative changes, congenital malformations, ischemic necrosis, and trauma, resulting in valve stenosis and/or closure insufficiency. Severe dilatation of the ventricles and the heel of the main and pulmonary arteries can also produce closure insufficiency of the corresponding atrioventricular and semilunar valves. Heart valve disease is most common in rheumatic heart disease, with the mitral valve being the most commonly involved, followed by the aortic valve. Heart valves are like “gates” and once they become diseased, they will cause circulatory disorders, which will eventually lead to serious complications such as heart failure. Heart valve surgery is an important tool in the treatment of heart valve disease, including valvuloplasty and valve replacement. Heart valvuloplasty, in which the valve lesion is repaired by special repair techniques without compromising the structural integrity of the heart valve itself, allows for improvement and restoration of valve and heart function. The basic surgical approach includes separation of the adherent leaflet junction, release of the adherent tendons, shortening of the extended tendons, reinforcement of the tendons, restoration of leaflet interconnection and docking, and reinforcement of the annulus. Heart valve replacement, in which the patient’s own heart valve has been severely damaged beyond repair, is performed by removing the diseased valve and implanting an artificial heart valve to restore normal physiological function at the diseased valve. Although the manufacturing process of prosthetic valves is becoming more and more sophisticated, they cannot completely replace the body’s own valves. In recent years, with the development of cardiac surgery technology, valvuloplasty has developed rapidly and has mature theory and some clinical experience. Mitral, pulmonary, and tricuspid valvuloplasty have mature technology, reliable results, and good economy, and are worthy of clinical promotion. The long-term results of aortic valvuloplasty are often not as good as mitral valvuloplasty, and the reoperation rate is high, which should not be carried out blindly in primary hospitals. In addition, valvuloplasty must be based on valve replacement, preferably with the guidance of esophageal ultrasound, to avoid the risk of reoperation. The risk of surgery is mainly related to the patient’s preoperative cardiac function, duration of disease, heart size, and method of valve handling. Compared with valve replacement, valvuloplasty avoids the complications of valve replacement, such as thrombosis, bleeding, endocarditis, perivalvular leakage, and prosthetic valve dysfunction; it avoids the need for patients to take anticoagulant medications for life after valve replacement; it preserves the natural structure of the heart valve to the maximum extent, with less surgical risk, and the patient’s cardiac function improvement, long-term outcome, and quality of life are significantly better than valve replacement; and it saves Medical costs can be saved. For infants and children, it can avoid the trauma of daily exercise and the effects of surgery due to lifelong postoperative anticoagulation therapy, the effects on pregnancy and childbirth in women, the possible adverse effects on the mental health of children due to long-term postoperative follow-up, and the need for reoperation as the child grows. Although the anticoagulation time after bioprosthetic valve replacement is shorter, its short service life limits its widespread use. As a result, valvuloplasty has gradually gained the attention of cardiac surgeons and the popularity of patients, and has established its place in valve surgery as one of the mainstays of treatment for heart valve disease. Valvuloplasty is recommended for pediatric patients with heart valve disease, and is particularly indicated for patients with ischemic valve disease, degenerative valve disease, rheumatic valve disease without severe calcification, women of childbearing age, and valve disease in which anticoagulants are contraindicated. Heart valvuloplasty is a highly technical and empirical procedure that is the most perfect combination of technology and art. Complete correction of the deformity using a comprehensive correction approach is the key to successful surgery. For those who are not suitable for valvuloplasty, it is advisable to consider valve replacement. The origin of heart valvuloplasty in China is very wide, and because of the variability and complexity of the procedure and concerns about its outcome, not much work is being done and there is a large gap with foreign countries. It is believed that with the increasing awareness of valvuloplasty among cardiac surgeons in China and the continuous improvement and enhancement of valvuloplasty techniques, valvuloplasty will play a more important role in the treatment of heart valve disease.