The prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) should start from the management of one’s own health care; the treatment needs to adopt personalized and comprehensive treatment measures, mainly including health education, exercise, dietary regulation, blood glucose testing, and drug therapy. 1. T2DM is a complex disease caused by both genetic and environmental factors, and can be prevented by intervening in the environmental factors, such as developing good dietary habits, exercising in moderation, and controlling body weight. 2. The treatment of T2DM requires comprehensive measures. (1) Diabetes health education: including health care education for prevention and treatment personnel, medical personnel, patients and their families. (2) Medical nutritional therapy: the goal is to help patients develop nutritional programs, correct metabolic disorders, and provide optimal nutrition to improve patient health. (3) Exercise therapy: For obese T2DM patients, exercise therapy can not only increase insulin sensitivity, but also help control blood glucose and weight. Regular exercise under the guidance of a physician is recommended. (4) Blood glucose monitoring: It is recommended that patients apply portable blood glucose meters for blood glucose monitoring to guide the adjustment of treatment programs. (5) Drug therapy: It includes both oral drugs and injectable preparations. When diet and exercise therapy cannot make blood glucose control reach the standard, glucose-lowering drugs should be applied in time, such as metformin, insulin and so on. However, the medication should be used under the guidance of physicians. It is recommended that patients with abnormal blood glucose should seek medical attention in time.