Most patients who are diagnosed with CIN are very anxious and worried. They think they have cervical cancer and even feel that they will not live long. A few days ago, a patient in her 30s, who was tested to have CIN2, was so frightened that she was unable to eat or drink, was in tears, and even wrote her will. What is CIN? It stands for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Medically, it is called precancerous lesions of the cervix. The so-called precancerous lesion, a stage before cervical cancer occurs, may evolve into life-threatening cervical invasive cancer if allowed to develop. If blocked in time at this stage, the development of cervical cancer can be avoided. Many people will ask, how far is CIN from cervical cancer? Depending on the presence or absence of cancer in the cervix, the cervix can be divided into normal cervix and cervical cancer, and CIN is a state between normal cervix and cervical cancer. According to the degree of CIN, it can be divided into CIN1, CIN2-3, CIN1 is called low grade cervical lesion, 70% of which will turn to normal on its own, while 30% will evolve in the bad direction, CIN2,3 is called high grade cervical lesion, if left untreated, most of which will develop into cervical cancer after many years. So, CIN is not cancer, but it needs proper intervention and treatment. How is CIN treated? The treatment of CIN is very simple. CIN1 can be followed up by observation, microwave treatment or LEEP, while CIN2 and 3 require removal of the lesion, i.e. LEEP. What is LEEP? LEEP is also known as Large Loop Electrosurgery. Since most cervical cancers occur in the transformation zone where the squamous and columnar epithelium of the cervix meet, the transformation zone is located between the cervical os and the cervical canal. Removing most or all of the transformation zone removes both the lesion and the area where the cancer may grow, and the cut specimen resembles a cone. The pathologist then examines the various parts of this tissue under a microscope to determine the presence or absence of invasive cancer or the extent of CIN. Pathology is the final word on the presence or absence of neoplastic lesions in the uterine cervix. In some cases, patients with invasive carcinoma confirmed by examination are treated as invasive carcinoma. In the case of non-invasive cancer, LEEP achieves a diagnostic as well as a therapeutic role. The electrified high-frequency electric knife has the function of cutting tissue. With a single stroke on the cervix, the surgeon can remove the cervix in the designed shape. The electric knife has the effect of cutting and coagulation, and the wound bleeds very little while cutting. Often the patient can get out of bed just after the procedure is completed. Patients in our hospital can be operated under local or intravenous anesthesia in the outpatient clinic or operating room, and can be discharged after resting the same day or night of the surgery. It is very simple. The procedure does not usually affect reproductive function or sexual life. What about after LEEP? Pathology results are not available until one week after the conization procedure. Some patients were diagnosed with CIN at the time of original biopsy and the pathology result of conization is invasive cancer. Such patients are treated according to the principles of cervical cancer management, some need surgery and some need radiotherapy. If infiltrating cancer is ruled out, the conization surgery achieves the purpose of treatment. If the diagnosis is still CIN, the lesion is considered to be completely removed if the incision margin is close to the non-lesion. If the cut edge is close to the lesion, there may be residual lesions. The options available are: 1) follow-up observation; 2) another larger conization procedure; 3) total hysterectomy. Since invasive carcinoma is ruled out after conization, there is no need to worry even if it is residual from CIN. This is because most 70%-80% of residual lesions will disappear within six months. During this period, cervical cytology can be performed several times during the follow-up period, and if there is really an abnormality, it is safe to deal with the cervix again. Misfortune or a blessing? It’s like being pulled back from the edge of a cliff. Fortunate, or unfortunate? Modern science should be thanked for the research in recent decades that has enabled many women who could have developed cervical cancer to be detected in time to stop the progression of the disease and not develop life-threatening cervical cancer.