The clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome include massive proteinuria (>3.5g/d), hypoproteinemia (<30g/L), obvious edema and/or hyperlipidemia. 1. Massive proteinuria: patients with abnormal glomerular filtration function, resulting in an increase in protein content in the original urine, when the increase significantly exceeds the amount of proximal tubular reabsorption, the formation of massive proteinuria. On this basis, any factors that increase intraglomerular pressure and lead to high perfusion and high filtration (such as hypertension, high protein diet or large amounts of plasma protein transfusion) can aggravate the excretion of urinary protein. 2. Hypoalbuminemia: With the loss of large amounts of albumin from the urine, the hepatic compensatory synthesis of albumin increases, and when the increase in hepatic albumin synthesis is not enough to overcome the loss and catabolism, hypoalbuminemia occurs. In addition, patients with gastrointestinal mucosal edema affecting appetite, insufficient protein intake, malabsorption, etc., will also aggravate hypoalbuminemia. 3. Edema: As patients develop hypoalbuminemia, plasma colloid osmotic pressure decreases, causing water to enter the tissue interstitial space from the lumen of blood vessels, resulting in their edema. 4. Hyperlipidemia: Hyperlipidemia occurs when the patient's liver synthesizes lipoproteins more and lipoprotein catabolism is weakened. If you have the above clinical manifestations, please go to the hospital in time and ask the specialized physician to make a clear diagnosis and treatment.