Laboratory tests, imaging tests and pathological tests are required for the diagnosis of kidney cancer. The purpose of laboratory tests is to serve as evaluation indicators for the general condition of patients before surgery, liver and kidney functions and prognosis determination, mainly including urea nitrogen, creatinine, liver function, complete blood count, hemoglobin, blood calcium, blood glucose, blood sedimentation, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. At present, there are no recognized tumor markers that can be used for clinical diagnosis of kidney cancer. The clinical diagnosis of kidney cancer mainly relies on imaging examination, while pathological examination is required for confirmation. Common imaging examinations include chest X-ray (frontal and lateral), abdominal ultrasound, abdominal CT and abdominal MRI. PET or PET-CT examination is rarely used to diagnose kidney cancer, but is mostly used for advanced kidney cancer patients to detect distant metastases or to evaluate the efficacy of patients undergoing chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy or radiotherapy. Nuclear renal hemogram or intravenous urography should be performed for those who cannot evaluate the contralateral renal function without CT-enhanced scan. Kidney cancer patients with one of the following three elements should undergo nuclear bone imaging: 1. corresponding bone symptoms. 2. High alkaline phosphatase. 3. Clinical stage ≥ stage III. CT scan of the chest should be performed for kidney cancer patients with suspicious nodules in the lung or clinical stage ≥ III on chest X-ray. Patients with headache or corresponding neurological symptoms of kidney cancer should also undergo MRI and CT scan examination of head. Since the conformation rate of imaging examination to diagnose kidney cancer is as high as 90% or more, and the value of renal puncture biopsy pathological examination to diagnose kidney cancer is limited, so renal puncture biopsy examination is usually not performed. However, for patients with small tumors whose nature is difficult to be determined by imaging diagnosis, they can choose to undergo kidney unit preservation surgery or regular (1~3 months) follow-up examination. For patients with old and frail kidney cancer or patients with contraindications to surgery or patients with advanced kidney cancer that cannot be operated and need energy ablation therapy (such as radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, etc.) or chemotherapy, kidney aspiration biopsy can be chosen to obtain pathological diagnosis before treatment in order to clarify the diagnosis.