Patients with encephalitis generally do not relapse after recovery, but patients who are immunocompromised are able to develop the disease again after a viral infection. Encephalitis occurs mainly as an inflammation within the brain parenchyma caused by viral infection and can occur at any age, with a higher incidence in young adults. The main manifestations after the onset of the disease are fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and possibly limb sensory-motor dysfunction. Speech dysfunction, dizziness, and balance disorders can also occur. The main treatment is antiviral therapy, and commonly used drugs are acyclovir and ganciclovir. Patients who have severe encephalitis may have impaired consciousness and have increased intracranial pressure. At the same time, cranial pressure lowering and brain waking treatment should be given, and symptomatic supportive treatment should be given. Most patients may be clinically cured after active and correct treatment, and some patients may have certain sequelae.