Qi and blood deficiency is a diagnostic term in Chinese medicine, while cerebral blood supply deficiency is a diagnostic term in Western medicine. Qi-blood deficiency is a subjective diagnosis based on clinical symptoms combined with the doctor’s experience; cerebral blood supply deficiency is an objective diagnosis based on clinical symptoms combined with scientific instruments or equipment examination. Qi and blood deficiency can be caused by various diseases or causes; cerebral blood supply deficiency is caused by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system diseases. Qi-blood deficiency is treated experimentally using methods of folk medicine such as tonifying the middle and benefiting the qi; cerebral blood supply deficiency is treated by using international counterparts of drugs or stents to relieve the cause of the disease. These are the main differences between Qi and blood deficiency and cerebral blood supply deficiency.