In recent years, the incidence of hyperuricemia has become increasingly high, becoming the “fourth highest” after hyperglycemia, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Hyperuricemia is diagnosed when fasting blood uric acid levels are higher than 420 μmol/L in men and 360 μmol/L in women on two different days under normal purine diet. However, many people think that hyperuricemia need not be taken care of as long as it does not cause gout. In this regard, experts point out that asymptomatic hyperuricemia is no less harmful than hypertension and diabetes to important tissues and organs of the body, such as the heart, blood vessels and kidneys. When it comes to hyperuricemia, people usually associate it with gout first, but gout is only one of the clinical manifestations of hyperuricemia, which is far more dangerous. It is certain that hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and the effect of hyperuricemia on coronary heart disease is also very significant. High uric acid damages the endothelial cells of human blood vessels, leading to a constricted state of blood vessels and producing a series of problems such as hypertension, cardiac ischemia and atherosclerosis. Not to be overlooked, hyperuricemia can also cause kidney damage. Uric acid crystals deposited in the joints can cause gout, and deposition in the renal tubules and interstitium can easily lead to inflammatory damage to the kidneys. Non-crystalline uric acid leads to constriction of small blood vessels in the kidney and ischemia in the kidney, which eventually leads to the same damage to kidney function. In addition, studies have shown that hyperuricemia is also closely related to diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, and metabolic syndrome. Does the diagnosis of hyperuricemia require immediate treatment? If the patient has no symptoms other than excessive blood uric acid, such as gout, and the uric acid exceeds the normal value but is less than 480 μmol/L, on the basis of no risk factors for coronary heart disease, we can start with improving lifestyle and temporarily do not use medication; however, if the patient is over 60 years old and has a history of coronary heart disease, diabetes, smoking, etc., medication and lifestyle improvement should be simultaneously. There are two main types of medications that are commonly used in clinical practice, one for impaired uric acid excretion and the other for excessive uric acid production. It is important to clarify whether the patient belongs to the “impaired excretion” or “excessive production” type (or both), and then administer the medication accordingly. How can the general public prevent hyperuricemia in their daily life? First, we should pay attention to routine medical checkups, as a regular blood test can reflect whether the blood uric acid value is over the limit. Second, adopt a good healthy lifestyle, exercise more, control your weight, quit smoking and drink less alcohol if possible. Patients who have been diagnosed with hyperuricemia should avoid eating seafood, animal offal, thick gravy soup and other high purine foods due to their purine metabolism disorder; avoid the combination of “beer or white wine + seafood”, red wine can be drank in small amounts. Patients can consume moderate amounts of meat, beans, mushrooms and other “sub-hazardous” foods that are not viscera, but they should not eat them completely in pursuit of low purines, otherwise they will easily become malnourished. Patients who are not yet taking medication should strictly control their purine intake. Third, drink more water every day. Ordinary people should consume 150-2000ml of water every day, and patients should drink more than 2000ml of pure water every day while taking medication. Fourth, be careful with drugs that may affect uric acid excretion and drugs that raise uric acid.