The patient was admitted to the hospital mainly because of dull pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen for six months, bilateral hydronephrosis and hypertension for more than one month. The patient complained of discomfort and distension in the lower abdomen with no obvious cause, accompanied by anorexia, lethargy and fatigue, and a weight loss of 10 kg in the past six months. 1 month ago, he went to the local hospital with pain in the lumbar region and the angle of the rib cage, frequent urination and increased nocturia, and was found to have bilateral hydronephrosis and hypertension. On examination, the abdomen was flat and soft, and there were no varicose veins on the mass. The kidney area was positive for buckling pain. Admission blood pressure was 180/120 mmHg with mild bilateral scrotal edema. Laboratory tests: increased blood sedimentation, anemia, increased white blood cell count. The urography showed bilateral ureteral displacement, gradual thinning of the middle ureter with segmental stenosis, and venography showed stenosis of the inferior vena cava or the iliac veins. The preoperative discussion concluded that the patient had a wide range of retroperitoneal fibrosis, and the organ compression was obvious, which seriously affected the function and had an indication for surgery. On March 31, 2011, retroperitoneal mass resection + partial resection of inferior vena cava + right nephrectomy + partial resection of right iliac artery and artificial vessel implantation were performed. The patient recovered well after the operation with anticoagulation therapy and was in good status for follow-up after six months.