Outpatient clinics often encounter patients with simple microscopic hematuria (which can be positive for urinary occult blood or about 1 million polymorphic red blood cells), no hypertension, no renal impairment, etc. …… Most patients are more anxious and fearful, seeking medical advice everywhere and using medication indiscriminately, worrying about the future development of uremia ……. So, which is scarier, hematuria or proteinuria? Of course, both are scary. Proteinuria, hematuria and hypertension are the three major symptoms of glomerulonephritis, also known as nephritis syndrome, but not all three symptoms of chronic nephritis appear. I list the following facts: 1. Simple renal hematuria (red blood cells from the kidneys) No proteinuria, no hypertension, common in occult glomerulonephritis, or familial thin basement membrane nephropathy, etc. Both of these conditions can be treated without treatment, just regular review is OK. 2. Urine protein quantification Urine protein quantification is an important indicator to determine the severity of nephritis. It is generally believed that the greater the urine protein quantification, the more serious the condition; if the quantification is ≥3.5g, it can be determined as nephrotic syndrome. In addition, the type of pathology and urine protein quantification are also important indicators to determine whether hormones are used. Urine protein quantification is also the main indicator to determine the effect of nephritis treatment, for example, urine protein quantification <0.4g after treatment can be identified as significantly improved or cured. 3, hypertension, proteinuria The two main factors that lead to the deterioration of kidney function in nephrosis, proteinuria even number one, another more important factor is hypertension. That is to say, if the kidney patient's high blood pressure and proteinuria cannot be controlled, it is difficult to avoid the deterioration of kidney function. From the above facts, we can easily find that there is nothing about hematuria, no matter the condition is determined, whether it is treated or not, what drugs are used, or the efficacy is evaluated. Since it is not taken seriously, it means that hematuria is less scary compared to proteinuria. Therefore, it is important not to take proteinuria lightly.