Ultrasound through the physical, physical and chemical effects to promote the body lesion tissue local blood circulation, strengthen metabolism, affect the content of biologically active substances, reduce the excitability of sensory nerves and achieve the effect of pain relief. Ultrasound on osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, shoulder pain and other painful diseases have a definite effect.
1.Mechanical effect
The mechanical effect of ultrasound is the most basic primary effect of ultrasound, regardless of the intensity of ultrasound are produced such effects. Ultrasonic vibration can cause the movement of material in the tissue cells, thus showing a microscopic massage effect; can cause volume changes, cell pulp flow, cytoplasmic particles oscillation, rotation, friction; can stimulate the diffusion process of cellular semipermeable membrane, causing diffusion rate and membrane permeability changes; promote metabolism, strengthen blood and lymph circulation, improve tissue nutrition, change the rate of protein synthesis, improve regeneration function, etc. . Under the mechanical action of ultrasound, the spinal cord reflex amplitude decreases, the transmission of reflexes is inhibited, the bioelectrical activity of nerve tissue decreases, causing changes in the internal structure of cells, leading to functional changes in cells, extending hard connective tissue and loosening it. The mechanical effect of ultrasound can soften the tissue, thus ultrasound has obvious analgesic effect.
2.Thermal effect
Ultrasound in the human body or in other transmitters can be significant heat production, heat production process is the mechanical energy in the transmitter into heat energy energy conversion process. Ultrasonic thermal effect can enhance blood circulation, strengthen metabolism, improve local tissue nutrition, enhance the vitality of enzymes, reduce muscle and connective tissue tension, relieve spasm and reduce pain, and at the same time can reduce the excitability of sensory nerves and play an analgesic role.
3.Physical and chemical effects
The mechanical and thermal effects of ultrasound can be followed by many physical or chemical changes.
(1) diffusion effect.
Ultrasound can enhance the diffusion process of biofilm, promote material exchange, and then accelerate metabolism, improve tissue nutrition.
(2) cavitation.
Cavitation under the action of ultrasound involves the formation, development and fluctuation of gas or aerated voids, which can occur in body fluids, cell suspensions or tissues. In stable cavitation, the bubble is vibrating and acoustic flow occurs around it. Such microflow formed by stable cavitation leads to confined fluid flow around the bubble and consequently affects the adjacent cells.
(3) Aggregation and depolymerization.
The polymerization of water molecules is the process of synthesizing multiple identical or similar molecules into one larger molecule. Macromolecular depolymerization is the process of turning a large chemical molecule into a small molecule. It leads to an increase in hydrolase and proenzyme activity in the joint.
(4) Anti-inflammatory, repair of cells and molecules.
Ultrasound action can cause the tissue PH to move toward the alkaline side. Relieves the local acidosis associated with inflammation. Ultrasound affects blood flow, produces inflammatory effects, inhibits and acts as an anti-inflammatory agent. Makes leukocytes mobile and promotes angiogenesis. Collagen synthesis and maturation. Promotes or inhibits the repair and healing process of the injury. This results in a process of cleaning, activation and repair of damaged cellular tissues.
Ultrasound treatment operation method
1.Direct treatment method
(1) fixed method: with appropriate pressure to the sound head fixed in the treated area, mostly used for the treatment of nerve roots or smaller lesions and pain points. Even if the treatment applies a small dose (<0.5W/cm2), there is still the possibility of local overheating and periosteal pain; in addition, the peak intensity of ultrasonic waves may form standing waves during the fixation method, thus causing stagnation of blood cells, damage to vascular endothelial cells and promoting the formation of clots. Therefore, this method is less commonly used now.
(2) Mobile method: light pressure on the sound head, uniformly moving in the treated area, applicable to a wide range of lesion treatment, the most commonly used method of ultrasound treatment. This method can be applied in larger doses, but the movement of the acoustic head must not be stopped during the treatment. The moving method is currently the most commonly used treatment method for a wide range of lesions, followed by the fixed method for nerve roots or smaller lesions and pain points.
2.Indirect treatment method
(1) Underwater method: It is a method of ultrasound treatment in water, and the sound head should have a waterproof device. It is suitable for body surface unevenness or with local severe pain and should not be directly contacted, such as fingers, toes, wrists, elbows, talofibular joints, open wounds, ulcers, etc. The dose is slightly greater than that of the moving method, and the treatment head is aimed at the treated area and fixed or slowly moved in a small area. The advantage of this method is that the sound waves can not only be projected vertically and inclined in a beam on the treated area, and the highest transmission efficiency can be achieved.
(2) Auxiliary apparatus treatment method: Treatment is carried out through accessories such as sink, water pillow, water bag, etc. It is suitable for irregular or uneven body surface, such as face, neck, spine, joints, etc., or special treatment areas such as eyes, teeth, vagina, prostate, etc. The advantage is that it can make the ultrasonic energy highly concentrated on the treated lesion.
3.Ultrasonic dose
The dose of ultrasound treatment is the key to the success or failure of the treatment. The appropriate dose of ultrasound treatment should not only play a therapeutic role, but also not damage human health. Ultrasound treatment dose, should include the intensity and time of each treatment, the total number of treatments that the course of treatment. Pulsed ultrasound treatment dose, the
(1) intensity: fixed method, weak 0.3 ~ 0.4W/cm2; medium 0.5 ~ 0.7W/cm2; high 0.8 ~ 1.0W/cm2. mobile method, weak 1.0 ~ 1.5W/cm2; medium 1.5 ~ 2.0W/cm2; high 2.0 ~ 2.5W/cm2.
(2) time: treatment time varies depending on the treatment method, treatment site and ultrasound intensity, usually 1~5min for fixed method and 5~10min for mobile method.
(3) Treatment course: should be decided according to the patient’s condition, usually 6~8 times, 10~15 times or more for chronic diseases, usually 1 time per day or every other day, sometimes also 2 times/week.
Ultrasound therapy instrument use precautions.
1, ultrasound has the three main characteristics of strong direction, concentrated energy and strong penetration, to achieve symptomatic conditioning, find the right pain point and lesion to achieve the best results.
2, ultrasound acupuncture point conditioning method: due to the concentration of ultrasound beam, can enter the body’s deep cellular tissues, it is recommended to use Chinese medicine acupuncture point treatment.
3, due to the size of human adaptability to ultrasound and tolerance of different, treatment of the skin with warm and slight pinprick feeling is a normal reaction, if the skin feels burning, can not tolerate then reduce the treatment gear or suspend treatment.
4.There must be enough sound-conducting paste applied to the skin surface to facilitate the introduction of ultrasound into the body, while the treatment head should be in full contact with the skin to ensure the normal transmission of ultrasound. Too little or poor contact with the skin probe, ultrasound is difficult to conduct into the body, the probe is easy to burn damage; not to use other items instead.
5, ultrasound probe must be around the treatment site for reciprocal movement, can not be fixed or stay in a certain part.
6, ultrasound and commonly used electronic pulse, microwave and other electromagnetic wave therapy is completely different, ultrasonic conditioning by the use of acoustic energy is purely mechanical waves, without any radiation.
Contraindications of ultrasound therapy instrument
1.Serious bleeding diseases and surgical emergencies, serious heart, liver and lung diseases, kidney failure and other critical patients.
2.People with pacemakers cannot be used in the precordial area.
3.Women’s use is suspended during pregnancy and menstruation.