Human is the only animal in the world that has an arch structure. The foot is a very delicate part of the human body, and although it takes up a small percentage, it has one-fourth of the number of bones in the human body; in addition, there are 66 joints and 40 muscles and more than 200 ligaments above the foot. 1, diabetic foot: diabetic patients with insufficient blood supply due to vascular lesions, sensory loss due to neuropathy and foot changes accompanied by infection. Necrosis can occur in both feet, the wounds do not heal for a long time, and serious cases have to be amputated to disability. Diabetic patients are advised to deal with various foot deformities (potential ulcer sites), such as hammertoes, bunions, etc., as early as possible while controlling their blood sugar, so as not to wait for ulcers to appear when you are older and more diabetic, which cannot be dealt with and regretted for life. Advise family members to do a good job with patients! 2, “heel pain syndrome”: mostly seen in middle-aged and elderly people or young people who like sports and walking. For the performance of early morning after waking up located in the sole of the heel pain, a number of dull pain, the most pain when getting out of bed just walking. It can be relieved after activity, but recurs with increased walking, and in some patients it is aggravated in the afternoon. The causes of this disease are many: heel spurs, atrophy or chronic inflammation of the fat pad, inflammation of the metatarsal tendon membrane heel bone after repeated pulling injury at the beginning, entrapment of the plantar nerve, etc. The dorsiflexion training of the ankle joint and metatarsal tendon membrane before getting out of bed with weight in the morning, together with the local application of anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving drugs, can bring some improvement. Try to avoid wearing soft, thin-soled shoes, soak your feet in warm water, avoid scalding your feet, apply cold compresses locally, avoid stepping on stone paths, avoid stomping your feet, etc. If possible, supplement with physical therapy can reduce local inflammation and relieve pain. At present, it is more effective to apply special heel brace to reduce the tension of metatarsal tendon membrane, which can have immediate effect and the pain will disappear soon. Local closure therapy can be tried if necessary and used sparingly. If conservative treatment does not work, surgical treatment can be performed to remove the “bone spur” or release the nerve. 3. “Ankle ligament injury”: it is a common injury in life or sports, and can lead to ankle fracture in serious cases. For people who do not have fractures, they usually do not pay enough attention to it, and do not give proper fixation and functional exercise. After the swelling and pain in the acute stage subsides, most people go on with their normal life and work, and some even start strenuous activities, which results in “broken foot” repeatedly, and repeated swelling and pain. “Because I can move around, therefore, there can’t be a fracture”; “I can still walk, there is no need to treat it immediately” “If you have a foot and ankle trauma, you should give hot compresses immediately” and so on are These views are incorrect. Because the structure of the foot and ankle joint is very strict, not only to meet the range of motion of walking and working, but also to maintain the stability in the activity, the surrounding ligaments play an important role. If the ligaments are not recovered properly, it will lead to external ankle pain syndrome, talar osteochondral injury, chronic synovitis of the ankle joint, tarsal sinus syndrome and even functional instability of the ankle joint. Therefore, when you break your ankle, you should brake immediately and apply ice to prevent swelling by wrapping an ice pack in a towel around the injured area. Generally, each cold compress 20 minutes, 40 minutes after the cycle can be once. The injury is simply fixed with an elastic bandage, however, the bandage should not be too tight to avoid affecting the blood flow to the distal limb, leading to tissue or limb necrosis. Elevate the affected limb and place the injured ankle above the heart, which will reduce swelling and relieve pain. Consult a medical professional for treatment options. Generally, even if there is no bony injury, it is still recommended to apply a mobile brace to fix the injury and to cooperate with functional exercises. 4, “bunion”: some scholars believe that it is a disease related to human walking upright and wearing high heels. It is manifested as a protrusion of the medial side of the big toe, sometimes red, swollen and painful due to friction from shoes; the big toe is deviated to the outside, and the second toe “rides” on the big toe in severe cases. These patients sometimes have pain not only in the big toe, but sometimes also in the sole of the foot and the formation of “calluses”. Other foot deformities can also occur: flat feet, hammertoes, etc. In fact, bunions can be caused or aggravated by a variety of factors, including genetics, abnormalities in the bony and ligamentous structures, and ill-fitting shoes. Relatively speaking, women have a higher incidence due to weaker ligament structure and frequent wearing of high heels with pointed toes. Prevention is based on the use of appropriate shoes, bunion training, and the wearing of special orthopedic braces. If conservative treatment does not work, surgical treatment is required. There are many different types of surgery, which are selected and developed according to each patient’s specific situation, the angle of the deformity on the x-ray, the amount of movement, and aesthetic criteria. However, it is important to remember that bunion surgery is not a plastic surgery and there is no need to take surgery for the sake of a beautiful appearance. 5, “metatarsalgia”: mostly seen in the forefoot pain, can be accompanied by the plantar callus (“callus”), long recurring episodes into “corns”. Most of them are caused by abnormalities in the bony structure. For example, flat feet, high arched feet, horseshoe feet, bunions, collapsed transverse arches, metatarsal osteophytes, etc. Conservative treatment may include plantar braces to reduce the pressure on the affected skin, but if this does not work, the underlying cause should be identified and treated surgically. There are many other manifestations of foot and ankle deformities and post-traumatic dysfunction. It is important to pay attention to foot care and observation, choosing appropriate shoes, keeping the toe seam dry and clean, trimming nails regularly, daily functional foot exercises to maintain good blood circulation, and guidance from medical professionals. Talking about shoes, feet and foot health In addition to taking foot baths, most people do not give adequate attention to foot health. The average human being travels the equivalent of four times around the earth in a lifetime. This is a tremendous amount of wear and tear for the 26 bones, 33 joints and more than 100 tendons in each foot, and it is through the ligaments and muscles that the feet compensate for this wear and tear. People begin to feel foot pain in their 50s, and the roots of the disease may have been planted as early as their 20s. Many people think of foot pain as part of the aging process and try and practice putting up with it. In fact, problems such as overweight and obesity, diabetes and impaired circulation build up over time and often cause foot pain to flare up after 20 or 30 years. And wearing the right shoes with regular rehabilitation exercises plays a key role in preventing foot problems. Starting now, taking the following preventive measures can delay the premature onset of hobbling in old age. 1. Are you overweight? The weight that weighs on your feet is about 120% of your body weight. Obesity puts a lot of weight on the feet as a point of support, which can lead to plantar fasciitis and heel pain, and further deterioration into mallet toes and bunions. 2. Do you have diabetes? As the body part furthest from the heart, the feet are the first to show complications. If diabetes causes impaired blood circulation in both feet, it may lead to slow wound healing and even amputation. Diabetic patients should go to the hospital every year to check their feet and avoid crush injuries caused by shoes. 3.Do you have poor blood circulation? With peripheral arterial diseases, such as varicose veins in the lower extremities, the feet are susceptible to adverse effects. Smoking is also a cause of poor blood circulation. 4.Have your parents ever complained about their feet? Family history may be a clue to an underlying disease. 5.Do you have flat feet or high arches? Either one pushes the feet into a dangerous situation. Flat feet tend to cause weakened stretching of muscles and tendons, causing tendonitis and arthritis. High arches provide little to no cushioning, with the heels, knees, hips, and back taking on more stress. Shoes and orthotic brace pads can support the heel and correct flat feet. People with high arches should wear roomy, comfortable shoes with arch-balancing insoles to absorb shock. 6.Do the shoes fit? Many people cling to the size of their shoes when they were 20 years old and have long since lost track of when they were last measured, so some people get hurt by the shoes they wear, and some people wear shoes that make their feet hurt every day. Measure the size of your feet, especially if you are pregnant, pregnancy will expand the size. 7. Do you wear high heels? High heels will focus all the force on the heel and forefoot. Most of the time, you should wear shoes with less than two and a half inch heels. 8.Does the foot see sunlight? Fungi can flourish in a warm, humid environment. Choose socks that absorb sweat and expose your toes to the sun when you are at home. 9.Do you walk? This is the best exercise for the foot muscles to keep your feet healthy. The feet are the health care zone of the human body. The root of the wood is exhausted first, and the feet of an old man are decaying first. Health starts from the feet! The scientifically designed arch correction balance cushion cannot cure foot and ankle diseases, but it can correct the congenital deficiency and acquired damage, improve the force structure of the arch, reduce the pain of the foot and promote blood circulation.