Gallbladder stone disease has become a common disease in China, and laparoscopic cholecystectomy is still the “gold standard” for the surgical treatment of gallbladder stones, but various forms of “bile preservation” (i.e. gallbladder preservation) surgery, especially laparoscopic ” gallbladder preservation” (i.e., gallbladder preservation) surgery, especially laparoscopic “gallbladder extraction” surgery, has been performed throughout China. Compared to laparoscopic cholecystectomy, “gallbladder preservation” is not the mainstream of surgical treatment for gallbladder stones. At present, about 1 million people are treated for gallbladder stones each year, and only about 20,000 people have undergone “gallbladder stone retrieval” surgery. There is no doubt that the gallbladder is not a necessary organ for the human body to maintain normal physiological functions, and many people’s quality of life is not significantly affected after the removal of the gallbladder, with no special discomfort. However, the human body, after all, has evolved over billions of years, and redundant things have long been eliminated. In fact, the role played by the gallbladder in the process of maintaining the normal function of the human body cannot be ignored. As far as the current physiological understanding of the gallbladder is concerned, its main function is still to store and concentrate bile, which in turn is drained into the intestine to aid digestion, especially to improve the efficiency of fat digestion. After removal of the gallbladder, the bile secreted by the liver is drained directly into the intestine to participate in the digestive function. Bile secretion by the liver is continuous, but after cholecystectomy bile secretion by the liver increases significantly after eating, which is actually a kind of compensation for the loss of the gallbladder and additionally by enhancing the function of other digestive organs. Generally speaking, in patients with chronic cholecystitis of long duration, the gallbladder has long lost its function due to repeated inflammatory stimulation, and the body has compensated more adequately before surgical removal of the gallbladder, and most of them have no discomfort after removal. For patients with acute attacks of gallbladder inflammation who have their gallbladder removed, the body has not yet had time to compensate, and it takes time to compensate and adapt after surgery. Therefore, some patients may experience diarrhea of varying degrees, which mostly resolves or disappears 3 months after surgery, with only a few patients lasting longer. In addition, some scholars have suggested that the loss of gallbladder function is associated with an increased incidence of certain diseases, such as colon cancer. Therefore, how to preserve intact the gallbladder that still has normal function is an issue that has to be considered during the treatment of gallbladder stones. However, preserving the gallbladder, even a functioning one, is not without its disadvantages. First of all, preserving the gallbladder faces the problem of stone recurrence; in addition, although there are no more stones in the gallbladder, the incidence of cancer is significantly higher in the mucosa of the gallbladder that has been irritated by stones. In fact, most patients with gallbladder stones have completely or partially lost their gallbladder function when they first visit the surgeon. At this time, if the gallbladder is reluctantly preserved, it may leave a greater hidden danger, which is not worth the loss. There are four ways to treat gallbladder stones: lithotripsy, lithotripsy, lithotripsy and lithotripsy. Lithotripsy is the dissolution of stones through chemicals, which only works on a functioning gallbladder, because a non-functioning gallbladder cannot introduce chemicals into the gallbladder cavity to dissolve the stones; in addition, no efficient lithotriptic agent has been found yet, and this treatment has been in the exploration stage for many years. Lithotripsy means that the energy generated by some kind of energy generator is applied to the stones, crushing them and then discharging them into the intestine and out of the body with the stool. This method was tried more often in the 1970s and 1980s. However, this seemingly feasible and effective method was so disappointing and caused so many serious complications during its trial that it was largely abandoned in larger hospitals. Lithotripsy is the process of expelling the stones through the contraction of the gallbladder by the action of drugs, which is an essential part of lithotripsy treatment and therefore depends on the normal contraction of the gallbladder, otherwise it is impossible to expel the stones. Stone extraction involves opening the gallbladder, removing the stones, and then suturing the gallbladder. There are three methods of stone extraction: open “biliary stone extraction”, percutaneous choledochoscopic “biliary stone extraction” and laparoscopic “biliary stone extraction”. Before laparoscopy was widely performed, the first two methods were more frequently performed, and now laparoscopic “biliary stone extraction” is the main method. Laparoscopic “biliary stone extraction” is a combined treatment of gallbladder stones using laparoscopy and cholangioscopy, which not only has the advantages of small trauma, good efficacy and fast recovery, but also has the advantage of complete and clean stone extraction. The laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed immediately if it is not suitable for “gallstone extraction”, so as not to delay the treatment or leave too many hidden problems. Only patients in the first stage (asymptomatic stones) and some patients in the second stage (troublesome stones) are suitable for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. For these patients, it makes sense to preserve the gallbladder because it is still functioning normally. Clinically, many patients with gallbladder stones strongly request to preserve the gallbladder, but due to late treatment, the gallbladder has already lost all or part of its function, so it is not feasible to preserve the gallbladder. Laparoscopic “bile stone” surgery is not complicated, and it is safe for hepatobiliary surgeons who are skilled in laparoscopic and cholangioscopic techniques to perform this surgery. In the past five years, through strict screening of cases, more than 100 cases of laparoscopic “biliary stone retrieval” have been performed, without any serious complications, and so far, no case of stone recurrence and no case of gallbladder cancer. At present, there are two main factors that really plague “biliary stone extraction” surgery: First, how to determine whether the gallbladder is functional or not? There is no good method to accurately determine whether the gallbladder has normal function before surgery; the second is the recurrence of stones after “gallbladder removal”, as long as the gallbladder exists, there is a possibility of stone recurrence. The former makes it difficult to perform gallbladder stones widely, and the procedure can only be performed on patients with asymptomatic stones or those with discomfort and pain but whose gallbladder is completely normal intraoperatively, in order to ensure the efficacy of the procedure. The latter makes “gallbladder stone retrieval” a worrying procedure. It can be seen that laparoscopic “gallbladder stone retrieval” is feasible, effective and safe for some patients with gallbladder stones, and as long as the conditions required by the surgeon are present, it is a sensible choice to perform “gallbladder stone retrieval” to treat gallbladder stones. The results are better than laparoscopic cholecystectomy in some aspects.