Patient’s question: How can I treat the suspected hydronephrosis in the right kidney, small stones in the kidney, and narrowing of the ureteral junction in the CT scan? Reply: Hello, after carefully reading the medical records you uploaded, the ultrasound and CT results show that there are small stones in the left kidney and right ureter, and the right kidney has obvious hydronephrosis. From the pathophysiological point of view, the underlying problem is a congenital stenosis at the ureteral junction of the renal pelvis, which leads to a slowed urine flow on the right side, the formation of fluid, and the formation of stones after crystallization and precipitation. Therefore, the treatment plan should address the fundamental problem, which is to solve the problem of narrowing of the pelvic ureteral junction, so as to relieve the hydronephrosis and ultimately protect the kidney function. There are various treatments for pelvic ureteral junction stenosis, including laparoscopic pelvic ureteroplasty, ureteroscopic endotomy or balloon dilation. In terms of treatment outcomes, laparoscopic pyeloplasty has the highest success rate and is the preferred procedure. Internal incision or balloon dilation has a success rate of about 70-80%, often in patients with a combination of stones, and these two modalities can be used to deal with the stricture at the same time when dealing with stones. Open surgery can be used when none of these modalities are successful, but is more invasive. Good luck!