Diagnosis and treatment of brachial plexus palsy Brachial plexus palsy, or birth palsy, is a pulling injury to one or both of the fetal brachial plexus nerves due to head and shoulder separation forces during delivery. In the last 20 years or so, with the development of microsurgical techniques, the treatment of birth palsy has developed considerably, thus establishing the value of early surgery in the treatment of birth palsy. The risk factors for the development of birth palsy are forceps assisted delivery, huge babies, large pre-pregnancy body mass index, difficult shoulder birth, and breech birth. The current typology of birth palsy is divided into three types: upper trunk, upper middle trunk and total brachial plexus injury. The treatment of birth palsy is divided into conservative treatment and surgical treatment. After diagnosis, parents are taught to give the child functional exercises to preserve the function of the injured limb joints and to have complete mobility of the joints when the nerves are restored. At the same time, the child is given nerve-nourishing drugs at an early stage, and electrical stimulation is done daily to promote nerve recovery, along with physical therapy such as hyperbaric oxygen. If the child does not recover the function of the elbow after 3-6 months, surgery can be considered, along with nerve grafting and nerve transposition surgery. Such surgery has been carried out in our hospital with satisfactory results, and the results are much better than those of children treated conservatively during the same period. The sequelae of birth palsy are gradually decreasing and becoming easier with surgical treatment. For sequelae that are not treated surgically and those that also arise after surgery, appropriate functional reconstruction can be performed to improve the patient’s quality of life.