Neck hypertrophy is one of the manifestations of hyperthyroidism, but hyperthyroidism neck is not always enlarged, neck hypertrophy is not necessarily hyperthyroidism, but also may be caused by other reasons. Hyperthyroidism can be categorized into autoimmune hyperthyroidism, nodular toxic goiter, and thyroid-autonomous hyperfunctioning adenoma according to the different etiologies and pathological mechanisms. In the early stage of the disease, the thyroid gland may not be typically enlarged, and it is mostly characterized by hypermetabolic manifestations such as fear of heat and excessive sweating. With the further development of the disease, autoimmune hyperthyroidism may show diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland, nodular toxic goiter may show localized enlargement of the thyroid gland, and autonomous hyperfunctional adenoma of the thyroid gland may show localized isolated nodules without obvious enlargement. However, it should be noted that in addition to hyperthyroidism, simple goiter, localized trauma and other factors may cause localized enlargement of the thyroid gland. It is recommended to go to the hospital in time for treatment of an enlarged thyroid gland.