Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract, with a high incidence rate at the age of 41-65. According to statistics, in 2005, colorectal cancer incidence and mortality rate in China ranked 5th and in some areas ranked as high as 3rd in incidence rate. Colorectal cancer incidence is related to environmental factors (diet, intestinal bacteria, chemical carcinogens), internal factors (genetic mutation), precancerous lesions (adenoma, ulcerative colitis), etc. People who are older than 40 years old, have a history of colorectal cancer in their immediate family, have a previous history of cancer or intestinal adenomatous polyps, have positive fecal occult blood or have the following clinical manifestations (mucus and blood stools, chronic diarrhea, constipation, chronic appendicitis and history of psychological trauma) are at high risk. Early stage colorectal cancer often has no special symptoms, while the progressive stage may show changes in bowel habits and stool characteristics (diarrhea, mucus stool, stool with blood), abdominal pain, abdominal mass, intestinal obstruction (anal stoppage of defecation), weakness, anemia, emaciation, etc. The rectal mass can be palpated by rectal palpation, and tumor markers (CEA, CA19-9, etc.) can be found to be elevated by ancillary examinations; ultrasound/CT/MRI can show abdominal masses and enlarged lymph nodes; fiberoptic colonoscopy can visually detect tumors in the colorectum and confirm the diagnosis by pathological biopsy. The diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer emphasize early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment mainly by surgery, and surgical resection is by far the main and most effective method. 5-year survival rate of radical surgery for Ducks A, B and C stage colon cancer can reach 80%, 65% and 30%. Radical colorectal cancer surgery can be chosen from traditional open surgery and laparoscopic radical colorectal cancer surgery. Traditional open surgery requires a 10-20 cm long incision in the abdominal wall to remove the tumor under direct vision in the abdominal cavity, which is a classical treatment method, but there are shortcomings, such as large incision that may aggravate abdominal wall damage, prolonged exposure of abdominal organs to air that may cause disorder of internal environment, and postoperative incision pain and infection rate, which are not conducive to postoperative recovery. In recent years, laparoscopic surgery has been gradually applied in clinical practice: in 1991, Dr. Jacobs in the United States performed the world’s first laparoscopic colectomy, which was a milestone operation in colorectal surgery, and in 1993, Dr. GuiUon in the United Kingdom reported 59 cases of laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery, which proved the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic colorectal surgery in terms of operation technology. At present, the proportion of laparoscopic colorectal resection surgery in some countries in Europe and America has reached 10%. This procedure has been successfully carried out in China for more than 10 years and has become a mature procedure in laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery. Laparoscopic surgery and open surgery follow the same principles of surgical oncology, including the emphasis on whole block resection of tumor and surrounding tissues, non-contact principle of tumor operation, adequate margins, and thorough lymph node dissection. Depending on the location of the tumor, colon cancer can be resected from the right hemicolectomy, transverse colon, left hemicolectomy and sigmoid colon. In China, rectal cancer mostly occurs in the middle and lower rectum, and the classic surgical procedures include transabdominal perineal combined radical rectal cancer resection (Miles procedure) and transabdominal rectal cancer resection (Dixon procedure). In recent years, rectal cancer surgery emphasizes total meaoreetal excision (TME), which has significantly reduced the postoperative local recurrence rate. Laparoscopic TME has the following advantages over open surgery: more accurate judgment of the gap between the two layers of the pelvic fascia and the selection of the access; more accurate identification and protection of the pelvic autonomic plexus by laparoscopy; more complete resection of the rectal mesentery by sharp dissection of the ultrasonic knife. The indications for laparoscopic surgery are similar to those for traditional open surgery, including malignant colorectal tumors at various sites. Along with technological progress, the indications for laparoscopic surgery have been greatly expanded. Contraindications for surgery mainly include tumor diameter greater than 6 cm and or, extensive infiltration with surrounding tissues, serious adhesions in the abdominal cavity, and serious heart, liver, lung and kidney disorders that cannot tolerate surgery. At present, laparoscopic surgery includes: 1. Total laparoscopic colorectal surgery: the resection and anastomosis of intestinal segments are done laparoscopically through anastomosis or direct suturing, which requires high requirements for instruments and techniques, generally requiring 4 poke holes in the abdomen, which can be extended to 3-5 cm if necessary. 2.Laparoscopic assisted colorectal surgery: the resection or anastomosis of intestinal segments is done through small incisions in the abdominal wall, which is the most used surgical method at present. Postoperative management of laparoscopic radical colorectal cancer: basically the same as open surgery, including close observation of patients’ vital signs and maintenance of water-electrolyte acid-base metabolic balance. Antibiotics are given to prevent and control infection, and continuous gastrointestinal decompression is given until the intestinal function is restored. Complications of laparoscopic surgery: Except for the unique complications of subcutaneous emphysema, hypercapnia, vascular and gastrointestinal injuries from puncture, and gas embolism, the complications are basically the same as those of open surgery, such as bleeding, anastomotic leakage, and injuries to other organs of the abdominal cavity. Studies have shown that with the accumulation of technical experience, the complications of laparoscopic surgery are not significantly different from those of open surgery, while the operative time and intraoperative bleeding are comparable or even better than those of open surgery, and with the appropriate use of hand-assisted techniques, the rate of intermediate open surgery has been reduced. Numerous studies have shown that laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery has the following advantages over traditional open surgery: 1) high safety of surgery; 2) reduction of postoperative pain, surgical stress and intestinal paralysis, promotion of postoperative recovery and shortening of postoperative hospitalization; 3) no significant difference between the radical effect of tumor and open surgery; 4) more prominent technical advantages of minimally invasive and cosmetic surgery. It is believed that with the maturity of surgical techniques and advancement of instruments as well as the understanding of laparoscopic tumor-free principle, laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection will also be accepted by more and more doctors and patients.