A cystic solid mass in the kidney is a descriptor of an imaging test that usually refers to a renal cyst or a renal tumor, which requires prompt medical treatment once detected. A cystic solid renal mass may mean that there is a solid mass in a renal cyst, and a cystic mass in the kidney should usually be a renal cyst or polycystic kidney, which is a cystic disease with fluid or semi-solid fragments inside the capsule. For those who are asymptomatic and have no complications, treatment is usually not required and can be reviewed once every six months to a year. For larger cysts >4cm in diameter, puncture aspiration and injection of sclerosing agent such as anhydrous ethanol may be considered to prevent recurrence. Cystectomy or even nephrectomy should be considered for patients with large cysts >500ml in volume, malignant tendency or recurrence after puncture. If cystic solid mass is detected by imaging, malignant tumor should also be considered, and renal enhancement CT, MRI or puncture biopsy should be performed to further clarify the diagnosis. Patients with cystic solid renal mass are recommended to consult regular hospitals in time, complete relevant examinations according to the doctor’s instructions, make a clear diagnosis and systematic treatment.