Arthroplasty is one of the most successful procedures in the history of orthopaedic surgery to improve pain and suffering, and for those with joint-destroying disease, patients benefit greatly from artificial joint replacement, often resulting in pain-free, stable, functional joints. However, periprosthetic infection after prosthetic joint surgery is always a relatively high incidence of postoperative complications, with varying rates reported in the literature, generally around 0.5-1%. Once periprosthetic infection occurs, the surgeon often needs to remove the patient’s original joint prosthesis in order to effectively control the infection. However, in China, since the cost of artificial joint materials is still a huge expense for the general public, many patients diagnosed with periprosthetic infection still have the illusion of keeping the prosthesis, hoping that the infection can be controlled while keeping the prosthesis. This in most cases allows the infection to invade and spread in the bone and soft tissues around the prosthesis, even forming abscesses and sinus tracts, which can seriously affect the outcome of subsequent surgical treatment. Periprosthetic infections are generally classified as acute postoperative infection, subacute infection, and delayed infection. Usually, only acute periprosthetic infections within 1 month after surgery can be preserved by surgical debridement and irrigation. Therefore, periprosthetic infections need to be diagnosed early. The diagnosis of periprosthetic infection requires a comprehensive analysis of the patient’s symptoms, serologic laboratory tests, imaging, and pathogenic tests to make a correct diagnosis. As far as the patient’s symptoms are concerned, if the postoperative joint pain persists and worsens, or if the postoperative joint is pain-free, but the joint pain suddenly worsens within a short period of time, the patient should be alerted to the possibility of periprosthetic infection. Only some of the patients with periprosthetic infection have fever, joint redness and swelling, which often come from the blood-borne spread of infection foci in other parts of the body, while others have an insidious onset, which also makes the diagnosis difficult. Based on the relative difficulty of diagnosing periprosthetic infections, it is recommended that post-arthroplasty patients should be followed up regularly so that problems can be detected in a timely manner. In summary, post-arthroplasty patients should be alert to the occurrence of periprosthetic infections and should go to the hospital as soon as possible to make a correct diagnosis and receive timely treatment if suspicious symptoms occur. Above: Periprosthetic infection and sinus tract formation after artificial knee arthroplasty Above: Postoperative X-ray after removal of prosthesis and implantation of articulating cement spacer, patient’s periprosthetic infection is effectively controlled Above: Second stage revision arthroplasty with good prosthesis position after LCCK prosthesis implantation