Congenital heart disease (congenital heart disease) refers to structural and functional abnormalities of the heart and blood vessels that are formed congenitally and present at birth in the affected child, and is a cardiovascular malformation in which the development of cardiovascular tissue is abnormal due to various causes during embryonic development. Then, any factors that affect the development of cardiovascular tissue during the embryonic period, i.e. the cardiovascular development stage (8 weeks before embryo formation, which also refers to the first 3 months of pregnancy) may be the cause of the formation of precardiac disease, which can be divided into three main aspects: intrinsic factors, i.e. genetic factors; extrinsic factors, i.e. environmental factors including infections, physical and chemical factors, etc.; and maternal factors, such as advanced age and diabetes during pregnancy. Precocious heart disease has a certain degree of family heredity, siblings with different types of precocious heart disease and children with current precocious heart disease have a higher risk of recurrence of precocious heart disease than the general population. Chromosome-related conditions such as 21-, 18-, and 13-trisomy have a high probability of complicating cardiac malformations, and other genetic factors that may cause abnormal heart development include chromosomal microdeletions, monogenic inheritance, and polygenic inheritance. The prevailing view is that the form of precardiac disease is the result of a combination of genetic susceptibility factors and external environmental factors. The main factors proven to cause fetal heart development defects are intrauterine viral infections in early pregnancy, including rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, toxoplasmosis, etc. Influenza and mumps can cause an increased risk of cardiovascular malformations. The mother’s exposure to chemicals and radiation in industrial and agricultural production during early pregnancy; as well as air and water pollution factors are closely related to the formation of congenital heart disease. The mother’s physical health and lifestyle during pregnancy are essential for the safe and healthy growth of the fetus. Mothers with combined diabetes during pregnancy may be at risk for many types of congenital heart disease; foreign studies have shown that taking certain specific types of medications such as anti-epileptic drugs and medications for thyroid disease during early pregnancy may increase the risk of cardiovascular malformations. In addition, smoking and alcohol consumption by either parent can be an independent risk factor for congenital heart disease in the fetus. In conclusion, current epidemiological studies and animal experiments can only speculate on the common possible factors of congenital heart disease, and the formation of congenital heart disease is the result of a combination of susceptibility factors, while the specific causes leading to the formation of congenital heart disease are not clear. Therefore, the prevention of precocious heart disease cannot be done on a one-to-one basis, and cannot be solved by vaccines like the prevention of hepatitis B. WHO has divided the prevention of precocious heart disease into three levels, primary prevention: taking various effective measures during pregnancy to avoid risk factors that may lead to precocious heart disease; secondary prevention: good prenatal screening and choosing to terminate pregnancy if necessary to reduce the occurrence of complex and critical precocious heart; Tertiary prevention: early diagnosis and early treatment for children with precocious heart after birth to improve the quality of survival. The so-called primary prevention means to prevent the occurrence of precocious heart disease. Firstly, parents who are preparing to get pregnant should quit smoking and drinking; secondly, they should do pre-pregnancy check-ups, screen for diabetes and phenylketonuria, develop a reasonable treatment plan before pregnancy, and consider pregnancy after the condition is controlled; one more point to note is that TORCH tests should be conducted before pregnancy, and for those who are positive for the virus, they need to postpone their pregnancy plan to avoid the possible acute infection stage of the virus, and at the same time, administer antiviral treatment; meanwhile In addition, it is important to avoid exposure to various chemical agents and radiation contamination during the preparation and early stages of pregnancy; and to choose the best age for childbirth and avoid having children at an advanced age. For couples with a family history of multiple patients with precocious heart disease or other genetic diseases, pregnant women who have had unexplained miscarriages, stillbirths or malformed children, pregnant women with a history of viral infections in early pregnancy, pregnant women with combined diabetes and pregnant women who have had a history of exposure to risk factors, genetic counseling or fetal heart ultrasound should be performed before delivery, and if necessary, termination of pregnancy can be chosen. The significance of prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease is to make pregnant women and their families accept the fact emotionally and be fully prepared, and if necessary, choose hospitals with pediatric heart center wards or hospitals with conditions for pediatric heart surgery, so that newborns with congenital heart disease can receive timely and effective intervention and treatment, and improve the survival rate and quality of life of children with congenital heart disease. The survival rate and quality of life of children with precocious heart disease will be improved.