Not long ago, I saw an elderly woman in her eighties from Henan Province. Eight months before she came to Xi’an, she found a white plaque about the size of a thumbnail in the left buccal mucosa in her mouth, which was painful to touch. “The ulcer not only did not improve, but also gradually increased in size. 2 months ago, a mass began to appear on the left cheek and grew rapidly, and the pain gradually increased, so the patient went to a local clinic and dangled penicillin for 10 days, which slightly reduced the pain, but there was still no sign of improvement. The patient and his family became afraid, which has such a long “ulcer”? The local tissue biopsy pathology diagnosis was: heavy abnormal mucosal epithelial hyperplasia, deep into the submucosa. However, because the amount of tissue sent for examination was too small, a clear diagnosis could not be made. After my comprehensive analysis, the early stage was white plaque, long-term anti-inflammatory treatment was ineffective, and the lesion gradually increased in scope, with rapid growth period and severe pain, and together with the pathology report, I initially diagnosed it as “left buccal mucosa cancer”. This old man has a history of hypertension and diabetes for more than 10 years and is old, so surgery is very risky, so what should be done? For this type of cancer, surgical treatment is still the primary consideration. After the patient was hospitalized, I first asked him to control his blood pressure and blood sugar, because although they were high, they could still be controlled at a certain level and the surgery could be done under close supervision. Chemotherapy was administered for the first few days, and after a few days the lesion was significantly reduced in extent and pain was significantly reduced, which greatly reduced the risk of surgery and provided the prerequisite for successful surgery. The surgery was done smoothly with no dangerous situations, the cancer was removed thoroughly, and I designed a cosmetic flap repair for the patient, which basically restored the facial appearance without serious deformities. Both the old man and his family were satisfied. Oral mucosal leukoplakia is a lesion between benign and malignant, and if not treated properly, it may turn into cancer. This old man found this lesion early, but because of the wrong diagnosis, coupled with unreasonable treatment, and not realizing the seriousness when it did not heal for a long time, he missed the best time for treatment, and was already at an advanced stage when he came to me. Many people think that mucous membrane ulcers in the mouth are ulcers, which is not a big deal, but through this old man’s experience, this is not true in fact. The risk is high, and the lesion has to be removed extensively, which not only affects the function, but also the beauty, and has to undergo heavy psychological pressure, which is not worth the loss. Therefore, for the disease, early detection, early recognition, early and reasonable treatment, so as to reduce their own suffering, so that we can live a better life.